Free Euthanasia Essay - 580 Words

The word quot;euthanasiaquot; is Greek, which means quot;a good death.quot; The issue is far more complex than what a dictionarys explanation is. The issue of euthanasia is one of the most discussed topics in all of the United States Congress. US government agencies, legislators and leaders have attempted unsuccessfully to stop assisted suicide nationwide by barring the use of federally controlled substances at lethal levels intended for mercy killing. There are many issues surrounding the act of assisted suicide that are yet to be resolved in the United States. In the near future Congress should have a set law on this topic and that will end the confusion circulating around euthanasia. If legalized, how should such these†¦show more content†¦After a couple of months or years, then that is the time when the person can decide wither to end their life. Assisted suicide should be the very last resort. If someone wants to end their life by means of a doctor then they should be allowed to do it. US pathologist Dr. Jack Kevorkian, who by his own admission has assisted 130 people with their own suicides, has been the target of considerable media and government attention. Kevorkian is the leading quot;right to die† doctor in the US because of his work providing lethal medication to patients so that they may commit or pursue their own suicides. But the release of a videotape by Kevorkian in January, 1999, showing the physician injecting lethal medication into a patient in Michigan has changed the nature of the controversy from the right to die to medically assisted euthanasia. Kevorkian is charged with murder and faces trial next spring. Dr. Kevorkian is the first known US physician to carry out an act of mercy killing. In conclusion, I think that it is legal for someone to end their life only if they have a certain condition that is un-curable or if the person is suffering tremendously. A doctor who specializes in this area should be the only one to perform the practice. It should be illegal for non-professionals who carry out this act in their homes. For minors under eighteen years of age, the parents are the only one who can have the †Show MoreRelatedEssay on Active Euthanasia, Free Will and Autonomy1945 Words   |  8 PagesActive Euthanasia, Free Will and Autonomy Medicine in the hands of a fool has always been poison and death. -C. J. Jung Euthanasia, from the Greek, quite literally means the good death. Advocates of euthanasia, offer it as a solution for the emotional, psychological and physiologic suffering of terminally ill patients. The type of euthanasia, which is presently under debate, is called active euthanasia and is defined as an act performed by an individual to bring about the deathRead MoreA Brief Note On Euthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1656 Words   |  7 Pages Support the Right to Choose-Euthanasia Shawnna Meyer ENGL 111-02F Professor Heather Burford April 20, 2016 Situational Analysis: This essay is a formal academic manuscript that was written to provide personal bias about the topic of euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide. More specifically the essay addresses the religious aspects of this topic and what role it plays in the conflict. I, the author, am applying to the nursing school at IVY Tech. The audience for this piece ofRead MoreThe Morality Of Euthanasia By James Rachels1086 Words   |  5 PagesID: 3339147 Active Euthanasia Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptable? Explain his view and respond to it. In this essay, we are going to analyze the main ideas included in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† by James Rachels to provide a response to the following question: Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptableRead MoreDo You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die Under Certain Circumstances? Should the Law Be Changed to Grant a Universal Right to Voluntary Euthanasia?1000 Words   |  4 Pagesanswer these two questions in this essay. They are â€Å"Do you think that the right to life entails a right to die under certain circumstances?† and â€Å"Should the laws be changed to grant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In this essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three typesRead MoreDo You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die Under Certain Circumstances? Should the Law Be Changed to Grant a Universal Right to Voluntary Euthanasia?1008 Words   |  5 Pagesanswer these two questions in this essay. They are â€Å"Do you think that the right to life entails a right to die under certain circumstances?† and â€Å"Should the laws be changed to grant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In this essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three typesRead MoreEuthanasi The Issue Of Euthanasia1427 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia: The main purpose of this essay is to focus on the controversy surrounding the issue of euthanasia and analyse the pros and cons arguments regarding euthanasia. This essay will aim to analyse in further details the complexity of the matter regarding euthanasia and will argue the pros and cons of euthanasia and will also debate the major impact that legalising euthanasia might have on the society, on the medical industry andRead MoreBeliefs of Different Religions About Euthanasia1569 Words   |  7 PagesDifferent Religions About Euthanasia For this essay I have decided to study the two religions Christianity and Buddhism. Buddhism has no major denominations, unlike Christianity, which has many denominations around the globe. However, I am only going to focus on Christianity as a whole, quoting teachings from the Bible (Old and New Testament), and then referring to the two major denominations of Anglican and Roman Catholic when their points on euthanasia are absolute. I haveRead MorePersuasive Essay Pro Euthanasia954 Words   |  4 PagesGrace (JiEun) Lee AP Language and composition Persuasive essay 6 October 2017 Euthanasia legalization The ultimate value of life depends upon awareness and the power of contemplation rather than upon mere survival. Aristotle Being one of the most fervid and controversial topic of all, euthanasia, also known as physician-assisted suicide, has initiated a very sensitive discussion on life and death under one’s ability to choose either side. Euthanasia is defined as a â€Å"the act or practice of killing or permittingRead MoreEuthanasia Essay - Pro Euthanasia Argumentative Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesImani Henry Mr. Dowie Honors English 9 1/13/17 Pro Euthanasia Argumentative Essay Euthanasia is the act of intentionally killing someone to end suffering, with and without their consent. This practice has been around since the beginning of time and has been practiced by different cultures all over the world. In the United States currently, only 5 states allow the option of euthanasia. All states throughout the USA should allow the act of euthanasia. Considering it is within the 1st amendment due toRead MoreChristian Teaching and Discussion About Euthanasia Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesChristian Teaching and Discussion About Euthanasia The word euthanasia comes from two Greek words eu meaning good and thanatos meaning death. Literally it means a good death. Euthanasia is arranging for someone who has an incurable terminal illness to die as quickly and as painlessly as possible. It is the act of purposely aiding someone to die, instead of letting nature take its course. There are four main types of euthanasia these are: Voluntary, Involuntary

The Nature of Man as Political Animal Essay - 1723 Words

Not everyone will agree with Aristotles political theory, but it is essential to understand the principals that underline the new political theories. Aristotles politics is one of the most influential books of political philosophy. His main ideology consists in that a man is by nature a political animal because he can reason and communicate with others, therefore, has the potential to alter or change his living conditions for better because he can recognize the difference from right or wrong. Aristotle is proposing that a man with reason has to base his approach towards politics on the fundamental concept of good for human beings. However, based on the evaluation of modern politics, we can conclude that the idea of politics aiming at†¦show more content†¦Aristotle proposes that the city naturally results from the physical necessity, as the natural completion of small partnership of household and village. Aristotle points out in his ethics that man is naturally social so the refore he is naturally political. Humans have speech, which can be used to communicate their ideas about what is right or wrong as well as just and unjust. If the nature of man is not revealed then the man itself is an animal without any potential. Speech serves man as a weapon to protect himself from what is just or unjust. A man naturally belongs to the city because that is where he can exercise his sociability and can debate with others upon his virtue. Virtues are habits of the soul by which one acts well. Virtuous actions express correct, high reasoning, which are acquired through practice and habituation. The city is prior to the individual because the individual apart from the city is not self-sufficient and therefore he has to be something else rather than a human being. A man has potential to do good, but if he is not capable to use his virtue and is without any boundaries, he can be worse than any animal. In Aristotles point of view the city is self-sufficient because it contains all the necessities for humans to lead a good life. The city provides humans with partnership with others, which plays a big role in the sake of basic survival, but it exists for the well being of human kind. According to Aristotle if a personShow MoreRelatedCompare Aristotle’s Claim That Man Is a ‘Political Animal’ with Hobbe’s Claim That the State of Nature Is a State of War.1973 Words   |  8 PagesCompare Aristotle’s Claim that Man is a ‘Political Animal’ with Hobbe’s Claim that the State of Nature is a State of War. Noah Park Ever since the existence of a civilization, the fundamental question of how and why; to identify and explain the human’s nature and how man is ought to live, has been the key element in philosophical world. Many philosophers provided and made public of how they viewed this world as, and the human in it, and experimented themselves with their approaches, howeverRead MoreMan As A Political Animal1293 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper, I would argue that by describing man as a political animal, Aristotle means human beings by nature are designed to live together in a community such as state(polis) for a common purpose and activity. I will first of all examine the original phrase â€Å"zoÃ… n politikon†, which is conventionally translated from old greek as a â€Å"political animal†. Having established what these words have meant at the time of writing, it would be most appropriate to see how Aristotle himself tries to explainRead MoreThe State Is The Pinnacle Of Civilization1600 Words   |  7 Pagesis one of many afforded to citizens of the state. There are many elements that make up the state laws being one of the many facets. Many would argue that the state is the pinnacle of civilization. How the state started has been debated by many political theorists more specifically Aristotle and Thomas Hobbes. At least one thousand years separates these two thinkers, but both have postulated the formation of the state and its contribution to different entities one being the relationship betweenRead MoreAristotle s View Of Politics Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to understand what Aristotle means when he says man is a Zoon politikon it is essential to understand the concept and reasoning behind his writings of The politics as a whole. This essay intends to discuss Aristotle s view of politics through the way in which he layers the fundamental concept of hierarchy of humans and natural societies to show that man by nature works f or the common good. I will also discuss the conflicting views between the works of both Aristotle and Hobbes inRead MoreAristotle And Hobbes : A Comparison Of Human Nature1641 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle and Hobbes: A Comparison of Human Nature Theory Aristotle and Hobbes present two fundamentally distinct doctrines about the conception of politics, human affairs, and the nature of man. Specifically, both philosophers express vying interpretations of human nature. Even though Aristotle and Hobbes similarly use their understanding of human nature to conceptualize their politics, they both express differing views about the aims for which they believe human beings act and exist. In a ratherRead MoreSociological Theories Of Global Climate Change1611 Words   |  7 Pagesand multifaceted relationship between human beings and their natural environments, including the question: why do social systems tend to exceed their ecological carrying capacities (Nagel et. al., 2010)? Despite its foundational focus on the human-nature nexus, environmental sociologists have only recently turned their research attention to global climate change. There is, however, a great deal that sociologists in general, and environmental sociologists specifically, have learned that contributesRead MoreAnalysis Of Jean Jacques Rousseau s Perfect Freedom Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesinvalidated. The problem with Rousseau’s assertion is that dependence vis-a-vis the family is not compatible with the true nature of human beings. Dependence on a person or persons (i.e. the family unit), or in the domain of a system of government, whether physical or emotional, runs contrary to the suggestion of Thomas Hobbes that perfect freedom is an intrinsic condition of human nature. The only true natural association is the family; its characteristics are primarily widespread beyond the primitiveRead MoreThe State Of Nature Is An Important And Relevant Philosophical Idea1238 Words   |  5 PagesErich Harkema Prof. Wolfe 10/1/14 Intro: The state of nature is an important and relevant philosophical idea that has been discussed and debated for a long time. The reason it is such a key topic in philosophy is it delves into the reasoning behind why man had to create political society. In order to properly understand the philosophy of the state of nature it is important to look at conflicting viewpoints about it in order to understand it with less bias. Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques RosseauRead MoreEstrangement: Political Philosophy and Good Life Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesBlake Lewis Professor Eskandari Political Science 132 December 5, 2005 Unessentially Estranged Chapter two of Glenn Tinders, Political Thinking: The Perennial Questions on estrangement and unity asks us whether we as humans are estranged in essence. This question really sets the tone for the rest of the book, because if humans are estranged then we would not be living together in societies, therefore not needing political science to answer such questions that deal with societies. As TinderRead MorePower Corruption. It Is A Never A Leader’S Ideal Is To1081 Words   |  5 Pageswho govern separate themselves from whom they govern. In the novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, George uses an allegorical reference between the animals in the story to symbolize actual humans. In Animal Farm the animals overthrow their human leaders in order to set up a life style where all animals are equal. In their act the very human cruel ideals and practices they revolted against ended up being the same they re-imposed. Animal Farm is an important work of fiction because of its extreme use of

The AIDS Epidemic Free Essays

Ever since the initial description of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1(HIV-1) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2(HIV-2) in the early 1980s, these two viruses have been repeatedly confirmed to be the causative agents behind Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 is the most predominant cause of AIDS in the world today and developing countries in Asia, South America and Sub-Saharan Africa bear the brunt of the AIDS epidemic (Hoffman et al 2007).   AIDS is a condition that is caused by immune system deficiency. We will write a custom essay sample on The AIDS Epidemic or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a syndrome since it encompasses a pattern characterized by different symptoms presenting with varied manifestations. As an acquired condition or disease, infection is transmitted from person to person via specific transmission routes. These modes of transmission sets it apart from the numerous immune system diseases which are mainly genetic related or caused by anti-cancer as well as immune suppressing therapies. The first instances of AIDS infection can be traced to between 1979-1980 where HIV infections presented as a new disease that had never existed in medical practice or terminology (Chandramouli Hubley 1995). AIDS among African Americans In 1981, Los Angeles doctors noticed a new disease. They were baffled that young men who were apparently healthy began developing pneumonia like disease caused by a microorganism that had never been detected before. It was strange because it was known that pneumocystis only caused disease among those with a compromised immune system. In New York, doctors began recording a new disease among young men. They identified the disease as being Kaposi’s sarcoma because it damaged the immune system. One strange fact was that all the men infected were homosexuals, many of whom had contracted other sexually transmission infections like syphilis and gonorrhea. They reached a conclusion that the new disease must also be sexually transmitted (Chandramouli Hubley 1995). The same symptoms were also found to be prevalent among the intravenous drug users and hemophiliacs. Since many of the drug users shared needles, researchers concluded that the disease was also transmitted through body fluids like blood. Since AIDS was mainly concentrated among gays and drug users who were mainly blacks a misconception arose due to the inherent discrimination and the disease was not tackled as it should have been. The result was a rapid spread of AIDS among the black community. The underlying socioeconomic and political factors helped to further fuel the AIDS epidemic among African Americans. Currently, African Americans are still disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. While blacks constitute only 13% of the entire US populace, 49% of AIDS cases are found among blacks. It has also been established that AIDS is the leading cause of mortality among Black women in the age bracket 24-34. Among men in the age group 33-44, AIDS is the second leading cause of death (http://www.hhs.gov/). Among African Americans, statistics show that more than 36% of all AIDS cases are attributable to homosexual/bisexual activity and approximately 38% are attributable to intravenous drug injections. Infections due to heterosexual contact account for approximately 12% of infections. This puts black Americans at a much higher risk of contracting HIV/AIDS, mainly due to same-sex sexual behavior, than other racial categories like Hispanics and Whites. The magnitude of the AIDS scourge among Black Americans is also due to a history of discrimination and neglect in instituting measures aimed at promoting a deviance from bisexual activity and other measures of prevention among the black community. The misperception that AIDS was only concentrated among blacks buttressed with the risk factors has served to worsen the AIDS scenario to this day (Levine et al 1997). The Origin of AIDS Ever since the AIDS epidemic became a reality, several theories and evidences have been put forward to try and explain the origins of the AIDS epidemic. Just like any controversy, various fronts of argument have made it almost impossible to clearly confirm the exact origin of the virus. However, there is evidence that the retrovirus incriminated in causing AIDS has been in the environment even before AIDS as a disease became its worldwide spread. The current debates on the origins of the AIDS epidemic is not limited to the biological factors but has also been complicated by various political, social and economic theories that not only attempt to provide an explanation on the nature of the spread; as in among African Americans, but also provide scientific evidence to the extent that the virus was a product of genetic engineering. Initially, as the virus spread among the African American community, the disease and its etiologic agent remained largely unknown to the medical community. It has also not been resolved whether the virus originated from American soil or from African soil. The first pandemic is believed to have its origin in America but the second epidemic causes by the HIV-2 have its center in West Africa. At the same time it is also believed that HIV-1 began to spread via three distinct routes; two routes have been traced to North America, while third route has been traced to Central Africa. It is uncertain whether the American and the African routes possess any relation whatsoever. The origin of the AIDS virus is attributed to an assertion made at a Congressional Hearing in 1969. It was predicted that the US military was in the process of developing a super germ for its use in the biowarfare program. The development of the new germ was to be made possible by the advancement in genetic engineering. The super germ would also have the capacity to wipe out massive human populations. Its mode of transmission would make ineffective any human intervention ton prevent its spread. The Department of Defense spokesperson is on record for having said that, â€Å"Within the next five to ten years, it would be possible to produce a new infective microorganism which could differ in certain important respects from any known disease causing organisms. Most important of these is that it might be refractory to the immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease†(Testimony given before the Sub-Committee of the House Committee on Appropriations, Department of Defense Appropriations for 1970, Washington, 1969) (Cantwell 1992, p 137). This initial assertion was later on buttressed by J. Clemmesen; a Copenhagen epidemiologist in 1973 when lecturing cancer researchers. He presented a visualization of a situation in which a virus could naturally or be scientifically being induced to mutate to produce a very contagious variant capable of causing an epidemic and thwarting any chances of vaccination. A decade after the Congressional hearing, the predictions seemed to have become a reality with the coming of the AIDS epidemic spreading throughout the world despite interventions to prevent its spread. By 1985, four years after the first case of AIDS had been reported by doctors in excess of 130 countries had confirmed AIDS within their borders. This position of the origin conclusively shows that AIDS originated from the military laboratories (Cantwell 1992). How to cite The AIDS Epidemic, Papers

Australasian Legal Information Institute

Question: Discuss about the Australasian Legal Information Institute. Answer: Introduction When a person travels to any country, visa is an essential requirement. To attain a visa, a range of legalities have to be followed and various criteria have to be fulfilled. In the following parts, various aspects of Australias Visa System have been discussed in different scenarios. A specific emphasis has been laid towards the Family Visas available in Australia. Section 4AA of the Family Law Act, 1975 contains the definition of de facto relationships. As per this section, states that an individual is considered to be in a de facto relationship with other being, when the both these people are not married legally and are also not related as a family. This section also states that in order to be in the purview of de facto relationship, the couple has to be living together on a genuine domestic basis. Certain criteria have been laid down to establish if de facto relationship was present between a couple. This includes the duration of the relationship; nature and extent of shared dwelling; existence of sexual relationship; extent of financial interdependence or reliance and provisions of financial support; the reputation and public aspects of relationship, amongst other things. To clarify the duration of a relationship, a reference has to be made to section 90SB of this act. This section relates to settlement of property in cases of de facto relationship. The criteria stated in this section states that the relationship must have existed for a period of minimum two years. On the basis of application of various sections of Family Law Act, 1975, it can be held that Emma was not a de facto partner of Jason. Even though they were living together for six months in a common apartment, they could not be held as de factor partners as per section 90SB of the act. Jason can apply for a visa under Family Visa Subclass of Prospective Marriage (300). He can than sponsor Emma as per Schedule 2 of the Migration Regulations. There are two main categories under family visa, which are applicable for gaining visa for parents and these include Contributory Parent visa and Contributory Aged Parent visa. To avail these two categories of visa, the sponsor has to meet certain eligibility criteria. The applicant of such visa must have a child who is either an Australian citizen or a permanent Australian resident or an eligible New Zealand citizen. Contributory Parent visa are available to parents of an Australian citizen who reside in countries other than Australia. The age of the parent is not a criterion in this category of visa. Two types of Contributory Parent visa are provided to an applicant. These are Contributory Parent (Temporary) (173) visa, and Contributory Parent (Migrant) (143) visa. For an Australian resident, the other option for family visa is to apply for Contributory Aged Parent visa for his or her parents. These further have two categories, viz., Contributory Aged Parent (Temporary) (884) visa, and Contributory Aged Parent (Residence) (864) visa. To avail the Contributory Aged Parent, an applicant has to meet a crucial eligibility requirement of age. Men, who are above the age of 65 years, can apply for a Contributory Aged Parent visa (864). From January 1, 2014 onwards, the age for women who can apply for a Contributory Aged Parent (864) has been set as 65 years. So, a parent applicant for a visa under this category has to be of the age of 65 years. On the basis of above factors, it is recommended to Emma to apply for the Contributory Parent (Migrant) (143) visa. Since Emma is a permanent resident of Australia, she can sponsor her parents for a family visa. A contributory parent visa under category 143 would enable Emmas parents to reside in Australia on a permanent basis. Such sponsorship of her parents has to be for the first two years. Being Emmas husband, even Jason can sponsor the application of Emmas parents for a contributory parent visa. A close relative can be sponsored by a resident of Australia and where all the relatives of such a resident are in Australia except that close relative. The Migration Regulations define the remaining relative in R1.15 as a person whose parents, siblings and non dependent children are settled in Australia. Also, if such a person has a partner then the partners parents, siblings and non dependent children are also settled in Australia. Such family visa is provided in two classes, 115 and 835. Close relative is usually over the age of 18 years but in some circumstances, it can be taken as under 18 years. Michelle is Emmas sibling and her husband is dead. She had a 5 year old son in France and other than that she has no relative there. Emma is a citizen of Australia and her parents are in Australia. This qualifies Michelle to apply for a remaining relative visa for Australia. Also, since Michelles son is dependent on her, she can apply for a visa for her son also. The category for her son would remain the same. For Michelle, Emma has to sponsor her application for a family visa under the category of Remaining Relative visa (Subclass 115) offshore. Since Michelle is a native of France and not Australia, the visa under this subsection is applicable for her. Emma would also have to provide such sponsorship for Michelle for a time period of two years. Emma, being a permanent resident of Australian is eligible to sponsor Michelle for a family visa under sub clause 115. And again, since Jason is Emmas husband, even he can sponsor the application of Michelle, as she is his partners sibling, for a contributory parent visa. References Australasian Legal Information Institute, Commonwealth Consolidated Regulations: Migration Regulations 1994- Reg 1.15, Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016 https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_reg/mr1994227/s1.15.html Australasian Legal Information Institute, Commonwealth Consolidated Regulations: Family Law Act 1975 - Sect 4AA, Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016 https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s4aa.html Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Reaming Relative visa: subclass 115, Australian Government, 2016 https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/115- John Vrachnas et al, Migration and Refugee Law in Australia: Principles and Practice in Australia (Cambridge University Press, 3rd ed, 2012) Legal Services Commission of South Australia, Two year time requirement- property disputes, Legal Services Commission of South Australia, 2016 https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch21s05s03.php Mary Crock, Immigration and refugee law in Australia (Federation Press, 1998) Migration Angels, 143 Contributory Parent (Permanent) Visa, Migration Angels, 2016 https://www.migrationangels.com/au/family/contributory-parent-visa-permanent/ Mirko Bagaric et al, Migration and Refugee Law in Australia: Cases and Commentary (Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Australasian Legal Information Institute

Question: Discuss about the Australasian Legal Information Institute. Answer: Introduction When a person travels to any country, visa is an essential requirement. To attain a visa, a range of legalities have to be followed and various criteria have to be fulfilled. In the following parts, various aspects of Australias Visa System have been discussed in different scenarios. A specific emphasis has been laid towards the Family Visas available in Australia. Section 4AA of the Family Law Act, 1975 contains the definition of de facto relationships. As per this section, states that an individual is considered to be in a de facto relationship with other being, when the both these people are not married legally and are also not related as a family. This section also states that in order to be in the purview of de facto relationship, the couple has to be living together on a genuine domestic basis. Certain criteria have been laid down to establish if de facto relationship was present between a couple. This includes the duration of the relationship; nature and extent of shared dwelling; existence of sexual relationship; extent of financial interdependence or reliance and provisions of financial support; the reputation and public aspects of relationship, amongst other things. To clarify the duration of a relationship, a reference has to be made to section 90SB of this act. This section relates to settlement of property in cases of de facto relationship. The criteria stated in this section states that the relationship must have existed for a period of minimum two years. On the basis of application of various sections of Family Law Act, 1975, it can be held that Emma was not a de facto partner of Jason. Even though they were living together for six months in a common apartment, they could not be held as de factor partners as per section 90SB of the act. Jason can apply for a visa under Family Visa Subclass of Prospective Marriage (300). He can than sponsor Emma as per Schedule 2 of the Migration Regulations. There are two main categories under family visa, which are applicable for gaining visa for parents and these include Contributory Parent visa and Contributory Aged Parent visa. To avail these two categories of visa, the sponsor has to meet certain eligibility criteria. The applicant of such visa must have a child who is either an Australian citizen or a permanent Australian resident or an eligible New Zealand citizen. Contributory Parent visa are available to parents of an Australian citizen who reside in countries other than Australia. The age of the parent is not a criterion in this category of visa. Two types of Contributory Parent visa are provided to an applicant. These are Contributory Parent (Temporary) (173) visa, and Contributory Parent (Migrant) (143) visa. For an Australian resident, the other option for family visa is to apply for Contributory Aged Parent visa for his or her parents. These further have two categories, viz., Contributory Aged Parent (Temporary) (884) visa, and Contributory Aged Parent (Residence) (864) visa. To avail the Contributory Aged Parent, an applicant has to meet a crucial eligibility requirement of age. Men, who are above the age of 65 years, can apply for a Contributory Aged Parent visa (864). From January 1, 2014 onwards, the age for women who can apply for a Contributory Aged Parent (864) has been set as 65 years. So, a parent applicant for a visa under this category has to be of the age of 65 years. On the basis of above factors, it is recommended to Emma to apply for the Contributory Parent (Migrant) (143) visa. Since Emma is a permanent resident of Australia, she can sponsor her parents for a family visa. A contributory parent visa under category 143 would enable Emmas parents to reside in Australia on a permanent basis. Such sponsorship of her parents has to be for the first two years. Being Emmas husband, even Jason can sponsor the application of Emmas parents for a contributory parent visa. A close relative can be sponsored by a resident of Australia and where all the relatives of such a resident are in Australia except that close relative. The Migration Regulations define the remaining relative in R1.15 as a person whose parents, siblings and non dependent children are settled in Australia. Also, if such a person has a partner then the partners parents, siblings and non dependent children are also settled in Australia. Such family visa is provided in two classes, 115 and 835. Close relative is usually over the age of 18 years but in some circumstances, it can be taken as under 18 years. Michelle is Emmas sibling and her husband is dead. She had a 5 year old son in France and other than that she has no relative there. Emma is a citizen of Australia and her parents are in Australia. This qualifies Michelle to apply for a remaining relative visa for Australia. Also, since Michelles son is dependent on her, she can apply for a visa for her son also. The category for her son would remain the same. For Michelle, Emma has to sponsor her application for a family visa under the category of Remaining Relative visa (Subclass 115) offshore. Since Michelle is a native of France and not Australia, the visa under this subsection is applicable for her. Emma would also have to provide such sponsorship for Michelle for a time period of two years. Emma, being a permanent resident of Australian is eligible to sponsor Michelle for a family visa under sub clause 115. And again, since Jason is Emmas husband, even he can sponsor the application of Michelle, as she is his partners sibling, for a contributory parent visa. References Australasian Legal Information Institute, Commonwealth Consolidated Regulations: Migration Regulations 1994- Reg 1.15, Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016 https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_reg/mr1994227/s1.15.html Australasian Legal Information Institute, Commonwealth Consolidated Regulations: Family Law Act 1975 - Sect 4AA, Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016 https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s4aa.html Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Reaming Relative visa: subclass 115, Australian Government, 2016 https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/115- John Vrachnas et al, Migration and Refugee Law in Australia: Principles and Practice in Australia (Cambridge University Press, 3rd ed, 2012) Legal Services Commission of South Australia, Two year time requirement- property disputes, Legal Services Commission of South Australia, 2016 https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch21s05s03.php Mary Crock, Immigration and refugee law in Australia (Federation Press, 1998) Migration Angels, 143 Contributory Parent (Permanent) Visa, Migration Angels, 2016 https://www.migrationangels.com/au/family/contributory-parent-visa-permanent/ Mirko Bagaric et al, Migration and Refugee Law in Australia: Cases and Commentary (Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Pregnancy Life Stage Essays - Nutrition, Vitamins, RTT, Biomolecules

Pregnancy Life Stage Does nutrition status affect fertility? Good overall nutrition, rather than eating any specific food, greatly improves your chances of conceiving a child. For women, nutrient deficiencies and low-calorie diets at one extreme, and obesity at the other, can disrupt ovulation. Poor nutrition can also have an impact on male fertility. In order to get pregnant, doctors recommend that both women and men eat healthy, exercise and keep a positive mental attitude to increase chances of fertilization. Eating healthy, exercise and keeping a positive mental attitude are equally important during pregnancy and after pregnancy. According to www.familyinternet.com, "carrying a baby for nine months and then providing it with breast milk afterward is a major nutritional stress on a woman's body. Food intake increases only 15-20%, but requirements for specific nutrients such as folic acid, zinc, and certain B vitamins may increase by 30-100%." In addition, less than optimal nutrition can result in low-birth weight babies with increased risk of heart disease and non-insulin-dependent diabetes as adults. (www.childbirth-connections.com). Both over-eating and under-eating can adversely affect the qualities and quantities of breast milk, which is explained further under Dietary Requirements During Pregnancy. During pregnancy, nutrients are passed from mother to fetus through the placenta, and after birth, through breast-milk. The main vitamins and nutrients needed by mother and fetus is explained in the chart below: Nutrient/Vitamin Amount Needed Benefit Source Protein Need for pregnant women is increased by 10 to 15 grams daily (1 glass of milk contains 8 grams of protein). Forms structural basis for all new cells and tissues for both the mother and fetus www.tdh.tx.us (Texas Department of Health) Carbohydrates 50-100 g/daily Prevents ketosis, which, during pregnancy, can cause brain damage to the fetus. www.tdh.tx.us Pregnancy Life Stage Nutrient/Vitamin Amount Needed Benefit Source Folate 400-800 micrograms daily Prevents anemia during pregnancy, may prevent miscarriage, preserves the integrity of genetic material, and lowers risk of neural tube defects like spina-bifuda www.familyinternet.com Calcium 1000-1500 mg/daily Milk production and growing bones www.familyinternet.com Iron 30 mg beginning 12th week of pregnancy Binds oxygen to hemoglobin and prevent iron-deficiency anemia "Nutrition During Pregnancy", National Academy of Sciences Vitamin D Adequate sun exposure, or 10 mg/daily for complete vegetarians and 5 mg/daily for woman who don't eat vitamin D-fortified foods (dairy products) Promotes fetal growth, bone formation, tooth enamel formation and the proper utilization of calcium www.familyinternet.com Vitamin B-6 2-5 mg/day during 1st & 2nd trimester, not to exceed 20 mg/day in the last trimester; higher doses may shut off milk production Manufacture of hormones, hemoglobin, neurotransmitters, many enzymes, and amino acids. www.familyinternet.com Vitamin E 200 IU Decreases risk of premature babies and low-birth weight infants and may lower the risk of miscarriage. www.familyinternet.com Vitamin A Follow the RDA of 2700 IU daily Provides baby with vitamin A reserves and sustains adequate breast-mil concentrations. www.familyinternet.com Zinc 10-30 mg daily is sufficient and considered safe; excessive intake of zinc can lower HDL-cholesterol. Reduces risk of miscarriage, labor complications, neural tube defects and low-birth babies www.familyinternet.com Food plays a major role in promoting a healthy life. However, during the pregnancy cycle, nutrition is of even greater importance because of the effects on both the mother and baby. Many people have said that a pregnant mother is eating for two, which in fact is correct. The mother needs a certain amount of protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, water and fiber in the diet each day. Pregnancy Life Stage One suggested food plan, developed by FamilyWeb.com, suggests that during the first 2 to 3 months of pregnancy, a woman should try eating small amounts frequently throughout the day to keep the energy higher. If the mother only eats larger amounts of food less frequently, she may experience discomfort due to her energy levels reaching highs and lows. The food plan also recommends that the mother eat raw vegetables, fruits, juices, milk, breads and cereals in between meals as a way to keep the metabolic rate and energy steady. Each food group has recommended or suggested serving amounts for a pregnant woman. An outline of the serving amounts for each food group is as follows: The Five Food Groups Suggested Number of Servings Fruits and vegetables 4 or more Milk and dairy products 4 Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dried beans, peas and nuts 3 or more Whole grains, enriched breads and cereals 9 or more Fats and sweets Vary according to calories needed It is very important that, during pregnancy, that the mother eats the suggested amounts from each of the food groups in order to maintain a balanced diet and healthy nutritional intake. The foods in

President Barack Obama and Gun Rights

President Barack Obama and Gun Rights In the run-up to the 2008 presidential election, many gun owners worried about the consequences of victory for Democrat candidate Barack Obama. Given Obama’s record as an Illinois state senator, where he stated his support for an all-out ban on handguns, among other gun control stances, pro-gun advocates were concerned that gun rights might suffer under an Obama presidential administration.   National Rifle Association Executive Director Wayne LaPierre  said prior to the 2008 election that â€Å"never in NRAs history have we faced a presidential candidate - and hundreds of candidates running for other offices - with such a deep-rooted hatred of firearm freedoms.†Ã‚   After Obama’s election, gun sales reached a record pace as gun owners snatched up guns, particularly those that had been branded assault weapons under the defunct 1994 assault weapons ban, out of an apparent fear that Obama would crack down on gun ownership. The Obama presidency, however, had limited impact gun rights. Obama’s Gun Record as State Lawmaker When Obama was running for the Illinois state senate in 1996, the Independent Voters of Illinois, a Chicago-based non-profit, issued a questionnaire asking if candidates supported legislation to â€Å"ban the manufacture, sale, and possession of handguns,† to â€Å"ban assault weapons† and to instate â€Å"mandatory waiting periods and background checks† for gun purchases. Obama answered yes on all three accounts. When that survey came to light during his run for the White House in 2008, Obama’s campaign said that a staffer had filled out the survey and that some of the answers did not represent Obama’s views, â€Å"then or now.† Obama also cosponsored legislation to limit handgun purchases to one per month. He also voted against letting people violate local weapons bans in cases of self-defense and stated his support for the District of Columbia’s handgun ban that was overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2008. He also called it a â€Å"scandal† that President George W. Bush did not authorize a renewal of the Assault Weapons Ban. During the 2008 campaign, Obama said that he had â€Å"no intention of taking away folks’ guns,† but added that he would support â€Å"reasonable, thoughtful gun control measures† that respected the Second Amendment while also â€Å"cracking down on the various loopholes that exist.† He expressed his intent, as president, to make sure law enforcement was given access to information that would allow them to trace guns used in crimes back to â€Å"unscrupulous gun dealers.† Obama and Assault Weapons Just weeks after Obama’s inauguration in January 2009, attorney general Eric Holder announced at a press conference that the Obama administration would be seeking a renewal of the expired ban on assault weapons. â€Å"As President Obama indicated during the campaign, there are just a few gun-related changes that we would like to make, and among them would be to reinstitute the ban on the sale of assault weapons,† Holder said. To gun owners wary of increased pressure on gun rights, the announcement seemed to serve as validation of their pre-election fears. But the Obama administration dismissed Holder’s statements. When asked about a renewal of the assault weapon ban, White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said: â€Å"the president believes there are other strategies we can take to enforce the laws that are already on the books.† U.S. Rep. Carolyn McCarthy, D-New York, introduced legislation to renew the ban. However, the legislation did not receive an endorsement from Obama.   Ã¢â‚¬ËœCommon Sense’ Gun Control   In the aftermath of a mass shooting in Tucson, Ariz., that wounded U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, Obama renewed his push for â€Å"common sense† measures to tighten gun regulations and close the so-called gun show loophole.   While not specifically calling for new gun control measures, Obama recommended strengthening the National Instant Background Check system in place for gun purchases and rewarding states supplying the best data that would keep guns out of the hands of those the system is meant to weed out. Later, Obama directed the Department of Justice to begin talks about gun control, involving â€Å"all stakeholders† in the issue. The National Rifle Association declined an invitation to join the talks, with LaPierre saying there is little use in sitting down with people who have â€Å"dedicated their lives† to reducing gun rights. As the summer of 2011 ended, however, those talks had not led to recommendations by the Obama administration for new or tougher gun laws. Strengthened Gun Reporting on the Border One of the Obama administration’s few actions on the subject of guns has been to strengthen a 1975 law that requires gun dealers to report the sale of multiple handguns to the same buyer. The heightened regulation, which took effect in August 2011, requires gun dealers in the border states of California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas to report the sale of multiple assault-style rifles, such as AK-47s and AR-15s.   The NRA filed a lawsuit in federal court seeking to block the new regulation from taking effect, calling it a move by the administration to â€Å"pursue their gun control agenda.† Summary of Gun Rights During Obama’s First Term The story through much of his first term in office was a neutral one. Congress did not take up serious consideration of new gun control laws, nor did Obama ask them to. When Republicans regained control of the House of Representatives in the 2010 midterm, chances of far-reaching gun control laws being enacted were essentially squashed. Instead, Obama urged local, state, and federal authorities to stringently enforce existing gun control laws. In fact, the only two major gun-related laws enacted during the Obama administration’s first term actually expand the rights of gun owners. The first of these laws, which took effect in February 2012, allows people to openly carry legally owned guns in national parks. The law replaced a Ronald Reagan era policy that required guns to remain locked in glove compartments or trunks of private vehicles that enter national parks. In addressing this law, Obama surprised his pro-gun right critics when he wrote, â€Å"In this country, we have a strong tradition of gun ownership thats handed from generation to generation. Hunting and shooting are part of our national heritage. And, in fact, my administration has not curtailed the rights of gun owners - it has expanded them, including allowing people to carry their guns in national parks and wildlife refuges.† The other law allows Amtrak passengers to carry guns in checked baggage; a reversal of a measure put in place by President George W. Bush in response to the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Obama’s two nominations to the U.S. Supreme Court, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan were considered likely to rule against gun owners on issues involving the Second Amendment. However, the appointees did not shift the balance of power on the court. The new justices replaced David H. Souter and John Paul Stevens, two justices who had consistently voted against an expansion of gun rights, including the monumental Heller decision in 2008 and McDonald decision in 2010. Earlier in his first term, Obama had expressed his express support for the Second Amendment. â€Å"If you’ve got a rifle, you’ve got a shotgun, you’ve got a gun in your house, I’m not taking it away. Alright?† he said. Gun Rights During Obama’s Second Term On January 16, 2013 - just two months after 26 people were killed in a mass shooting at Sandy Hook elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut - President Obama kicked off his second term by promising an â€Å"overhaul† of gun laws to end what he called the nation’s â€Å"epidemic† of gun violence However, the legislation to overhaul gun control failed on April 17, 2013, when the Republican-controlled Senate rejected a measure banning assault-style weapons and expanding gun-buyer background checks. In January 2016, President Obama began his final year in office by going around the gridlocked Congress by issuing a set of executive orders intended to reduce gun violence. According to a White House Fact Sheet, the measures aimed to improve background checks on gun buyers, increase community safety, provide additional federal funding for mental health treatment, and advance the development of â€Å"smart gun† technology. Obama’s Gun Rights Legacy During his eight years in office, President Barack Obama had to deal with more mass shootings than any of his predecessors, speaking to the nation on the subject of gun violence at least 14 times. In each address, Obama offered sympathy for the loved ones of the deceased victims and repeated his frustration with the Republican-controlled Congress to pass stronger gun control legislation. After each address, gun sales soared. In the end, however, Obama made little progress in advancing his â€Å"common-sense gun laws† at the federal government level - a fact he would later call one of the biggest regrets of his time as president. In 2015, Obama told the BBC that his inability to pass gun laws had been â€Å"the one area where I feel that Ive been most frustrated and most stymied. Updated by Robert Longley

Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Dissertation

Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing - Dissertation Example Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing The literature suggests that there are many traits that go into forming an effective leader. As an example, Boumans and Landerweerd (1993) suggest that leaders must have "clinical knowledge, people orientation, communication skills, reality orientation, the ability to identify problems and to delegate responsibility" (p. 768). These skills were stated to be those that made a positive impact on the nurses that were supervised. Most leadership styles have their base in social leadership if the nurse is effective. Boumans and Landerweerd found in their study that when social leadership was presented, the nurses under their leadership felt that their job had meaning and they felt increased job satisfaction. Also, the social leadership style promotes more positive health and well being than a style that is more dictatorial or direct. Sellgren, Ekvall, and Tomson (2006) state that nursing leadership styles are more involved with the characteristics that leaders have rather than having a sp ecific style. There are preferred traits that are more important as well. In their style, communication was the highest ranking trait that a leader ship exhibit. This goes along with what Boumans and Landerweerd found. Therefore, communication is one of the most important aspects of a nurse's leadership style. There should also be a way to communicate the leader's needs in specific ways that are understandable to their subordinates. This will bring about a happier group of nurses on the ward. (Sellgren, Ekvall, and Tomson, 2006). Kenmore (2008) found that the styles that most nurses used were either affiliative or coaching. Affiliative leaders work well when everything is running smoothly and when staff is highly motivated. The afffiliative style creates harmony and the style also works well when teams need to be healed or when staff needs motivating. When a leader has a more coaching orientation to leadership, they are more interested in improving staff's professional development

Ethnic minorities in USA and UK jail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Ethnic minorities in USA and UK jail - Essay Example In the contemporary era, it has been evident that there are about two adults in Jail for every Afro-Caribbean male. This ratio is clearly observable in the prisons of United States of America. Several scholarly reports signify that the prisons of United Kingdom have higher ratio of black prisoners as compared to the white population. Around 27 percent of the prison population in Wales and England identify themselves as belonging from ethic minority groups. The black convicts of UK and USA are five times higher than that of the white convicts. The police and the judicial system of USA and UK constitute maximum officials from the major group of the society i.e. the white population. Therefore, the jurisdiction system of UK and USA are criticized by many civil societies across the world. There are mainly three broad explanations that have been brought forward in the favour of the possibility for higher number of minority prisoners in UK and USA. First of all, disproportionate criminality can be a reason. The persons belonging from different ethnicities and minority groups have higher tendency to commit crimes. Secondly, the jurisdiction, detection of crimes and prosecution are more likely to be charged against the minority groups under the light of limited evidences. Thirdly, disproportionate conviction can be a major reason behind sentencing minority group prisoners for longer imprisonment. It is important to note that the relationship between criminality and race is perplexing. Several debates and critics have surrounded the jurisdiction system of UK and USA with respect to fair treatment with the respective populations. This essay highlights the important factors that have over-represented ethnic minorities in USA and UK prisons. The proportion of black people in prison in United States is lower compared to England and Wales. Politicians and experts have stated that

Corporate Social Responsibilty (csr) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate Social Responsibilty (csr) - Essay Example Instead of these hiccups its business as usual for the companies and Chinese government because of the foreign exchange revenue. Since the citizens didn't come under the stakeholders list companies ignored their protests. CSR should always be a part of corporate strategies that shows social responsibilities are as important as profit maximisation. Practically implementing the above-mentioned tasks are very difficult. The destruction of human rights by both the parties can be complained to the UN that takes some time. The Chinese government can only be requested because it's their internal matter and can only be forced to stop by developed countries like US and Japan or UN. The only approach can be through UN and make the Chinese government realise that production should be done within best interests of their citizens and should impose restrictions that companies like Shell employ CSR activities effectively in the Niger Delta. Stevina U. Evuleocha. Managing indigenous relations Corporate social responsibility and corporate communication in a new age of activism. Retrieved Feb. 13 from: . (2005).

Satisfaction Rates Among Outpatients of Hospital

Satisfaction Rates Among Outpatients of Hospital Assessment of satisfaction among outpatient department (OPD) patients visiting tertiary level government hospital ABSTRACT Background Selection of an appropriate health care and measurement of its quality is very complex and elusive yet the tools of its measurement have been improving. It is easier to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction towards the service than to evaluate the quality of medical services that they receive. (1) Therefore, a research on patient satisfaction can be an important tool to measure of health system performance and improve the quality of services. (2,3). Satisfaction manifests itself in the distribution, access and utilization of health services. Objective: The main objective of this study is to measure the satisfaction of OPD (Outpatient Department) patients in tertiary care public health facility namely Guru Gobind Singh govt. Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a pre-tested pre-structured questionnaire from 322 patients who gave the verbal consent at the end of their O.P.D visit at tertiary health facility, Guru Gobind Singh Government Hospital, Jamnagar for days from to. The items in the questionnaire referred to particulars of the patients such as age, gender, education, occupation, income, family type etc.; perception of patients towards doctor , paramedical staff, basic amenities and quality of care. The responses were expressed in proportions. The data was tabulated on Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using EPI info. Results –Although majority of patients were satisfied with the availability of medicines; availability of information on illness, treatment and prevention; doctor’s patience, compassion and dedication but most of the patients were not satisfied with the behaviour of hospital personnel ;delay in reception of investigation reports ;unhygienic toilets and improper cleanliness of hospital; and lack of availability of drinking water . INTRODUCTION Quality care is the most important dimension of public health and it has emerged as an internationally important aspect in the health care services provision. This quality of care can be measured in terms of structure, process and outcome. Structure refers to the basic infrastructure and facility, process refers to the way the care is delivered and outcome refers to the end result. (4) While measuring health outcome and quality of patient care services, patient’s satisfaction is considered to be important component. Patients’ perceptions about health care systems and his satisfaction seem to have been largely ignored by health care managers in developing countries (12). The outcome of any disease is influenced not only by the appropriate diagnostic and treatment services but also the receipt of satisfactory care from service providers. A satisfied patient is more likely to develop a deeper and longer lasting relationship with their medical provider, leading to improve compliance, continuity of care and ultimately better health outcome. But it is difficult to measure the satisfaction and gauze responsiveness of health systems as not only the clinical but also the non-clinical outcomes of care do influence the patients’ satisfaction ,(5)such as: Quality of clinical services provided, availability of medicine, behavior of doctors and other health staff, cost of services, hospital infrastructure, physical comfort, emotional support, and respect for patient preferences.(6) Mismatch between patient expectation and the service received is related to decreased satisfaction.(7) Therefore, assessing patient perspectives gives them a voice, which can make public health services more responsive to people’s needs and expectations.(8,9) In the recent past, studies on patient satisfaction gained popularity and usefulness as it provides the chance to health care providers and mangers to improve the services in the public health facilities. Patients’ feedback is necessary to identify problems that need to be resolved in improving the health services. Even if they still do not use this information systematically to improve care delivery and services, this type of feedback triggers a real interest that can lead to a change in their culture and in their perception of patients. (10) OPD is the window to any health system and OPD care indicates the quality care of hospital reà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ected by patient’s perception in terms of satisfaction to the services they are provided.(11)This study was therefore undertaken at OPDs of tertiary level health facility in Jamnagar to measure patient satisfaction. The main objective of this paper is to know the desired level of services as perceived by the patients about various components of out-door patient department (OPD) services. In this study, the OPD is defined as the hospital’s department where patients received diagnoses and/or treatment but did not stay overnight. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design: Institution based cross-sectional study. Study population: The present study was conducted among the patients attending the outpatient department (OPD) of Guru Gobind Singh government hospital, Jamnagar. Period of study: The period of survey was days from to. Sampling frame: The sampling frame consisted of the outpatient department (OPD) of Guru Gobind Singh government hospital, Jamnagar. . Sample size: fifty percent of the OPD patients. Sampling technique: random sampling technique. The sampling population was interviewed from the most frequented OPDs (Medicine, General surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paediatrics, Orthopedics, Otorhinolaryngology, Ophthalmology, Skin, Tuberculosis and Chest diseases) according to probability proportion to size based on the past years OPD attendance. Inclusion criteria: A new or referred patient attending the OPD of the respective health care facility who gave verbal consent, Exclusion criteria: Patients working in the health care facility and patients admitted (indoor patients) and follow-up patients attending the OPD of the respective health care facility, who didn’t gave verbal consent or gave incomplete information, were excluded from the study. Selection of patient: The patients attending the OPD of the respective health care facility were selected for the interview by systematic random sampling. Depending upon the previous attendance of the particular department and the time taken to complete the interview, a random number was chosen and every nth patient was selected for the interview. This process was continued till the required sample size was completed. Tools of data collection: Permission to conduct the study was taken from the superintendents of the concerned health care facility. All the patients were interviewed after they had consulted the doctor. Informed verbal consent was taken from all the participating patients before the start of the interview after telling them about the objective of the study and the approximate time that will be involved in the completion of the interview. The prescribing doctor was largely kept unaware of the procedure, except in unavoidable circumstances, to avoid the bias in their behaviour with the patient. A pre-tested pre-structured questionnaire was used to record information taking the key elements of socio-demographic characteristics and perception of the patients regarding quality of services available at the outpatient health care facility. Analysis Data was tabulated on Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using the software Epi Info version 6. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS:- Table 1-socio-demographic profile of the patients:- Among all the subjects interviewed during the data collection, 322 were included in the statistical analysis and the remaining were not included, because of incomplete information. A majority (56.21%) of the responders were male. The mean ages of the responders were years .About 40% of the responders were illiterate. About half (56%) belonged to a joint family. Nearly half of the study subjects belonged to the lower socioeconomic status category as per the Kuppuswamy classification. TABLE 2-PATIENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE QUALITY OF SERVICES AVAILABLE (n =322) The results regarding each question are shown in Table 2. Most of the respondents were satisfied with the availability of medicines, also they were able to get the medicines easily. Most of the respondents agreed that complete information was provided to them on the illness, treatment, and the methods to avoid illness. Almost half (48%) of the patients were not satisfied with the politeness of the hospital personnel. More than half (61%) of the patients stated that hospital personnel were not helpful. 59 % patients said that the doctor did not give them adequate time while 60% of the patients said that the doctor has given enough time to listen completely to their complains. 57% of the patients were satisfied that the doctor has checked carefully and was readily answering their questions. Almost 50% of the patients were told that the doctor gave them adequate time and didn’t rushed. 42% patients couldn’t easily locate the place of investigation. 55% of the patients didn’t receive their reports in time. 57% of the patients were not satisfied with the cleanliness of the hospital. 69% of the patients were not satisfied with the toilet conditions. 59% of the patients stated that drinking water wasn’t available in the hospital. TABLE – 3: QUALITY OF CARE Overall 66.45% respondents termed the hospital services as satisfactory, 62.11% were satisfied with the treatment given, but 52.48% stated that the services provided were not worth the money spent, and 40.99% replied that they would not like to visit the facility again in future. [Table 3]. DISCUSSION In our current study, patients were satisfied with the ease of availability of the required medicines while in a study done by Sivalenka (13) medicine supply was an area of concern. Most of patients were satisfied with the information provided to them about illness, its treatment and prevention. Patients were not very satisfied with the behaviour of the hospital personnel .lack of monitoring of staff, due to very high patient load, could be the reason for this. It was observed during the study that the ultimate satisfaction of the patient is their rapport with the doctor. A patient forgets the pain he faces to reach the doctor if the doctor sees him with patience and compassion. In our study, most of the patients were satisfied with the behaviour of the doctor, which was similar to the result of study by Kumar et al (14). More than half of the patients were not satisfied due to the delay in reporting time of the investigations thereby increasing their waiting time which is similar to other studies (17-18). Some of the responder cited inability to locate the departments as a constraint. Lack of proper sign boards leads to difficulty in locating the departments. A good number of patients were not satisfied with the cleanliness of the hospital. Also most of them were not satisfied with the condition of the toilets. As compared with private sector, government hospitals lack in general cleanliness and hygienic toilets, thereby leading to severe patient aversion and dissatisfaction, which needs to be improved .similar findings have been observed in some other studies (13-16) As observed in our study, Overall level of satisfaction of patients towards government tertiary care health facility is low, although patients appeared to be satisfied with the doctors, which seems to be a strong reason of their still existing faith in the tertiary care government hospital. Thus we need to improve the rest of the factors so as to keep up to the expectations of the patients ,thereby try to fulfill the basic need of patient- which is readily available ,easily accessible, and satisfactory health services for all. CONCLUSIONS Efforts should be made to reduce the patient load at the tertiary level facilities so that doctors and other staff can give more attention and time to the patients. The findings of the present study can be utilized to improve the services at public health facilities of the state resulting in the more satisfaction of patients availing such public health facilities. REFERENCES (1)Study on Patient Satisfaction in the Government Allopathic Health Facilities of Lucknow District, India, Ranjeeta Kumari et al Indian Journal of Community Medicine / Vol 34 / Issue 1 / January 2009 (2) White B. Measuring patient satisfaction: how to do it and why to bother. Family Practice management [serial online] January 1999; [9 screens]. Available from: http://www.aafp.org/ fpm/990100fm/40.html. (3) How satisfied are your patients? Family Practice Management April 1998; [2 screen]. Available from: http://www.aafp.org/ fpm/980400fm/fpstats.html (4) Measuring patient satisfaction: A Cross sectional study to improve quality of care at a tertiary care hospital. – by Andrabi Syed Arshad et.al. Healthline ISSN2229-337X Volume 3 Issue 1 January-June 2012 (5) Agrawal D. Health sector reforms: Relevance in India. Indian J Community Med 2006;31:220-2. (6) Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Bruster S, Richards N, Chandola T. Patients’ experiences and satisfaction with health care: Results of a questionnaire study of specific aspects of care. Qual Saf Health Care 2002;11:335-9. (7)McKinley RK, Roberts C. Patient satisfaction with out of hours primary medical care. Qual Health Care 2001;10:23-8. (8)World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2000-Health Systems: Improving Performance. Geneva: WHO, 2000. (9) Rao KD, Peters DH, Bandeen-Roche K. Towards patient-centered health services in India- a scale to measure patient perceptions of quality. Int J Qual Health Care 2006;18:414-21. (10) 6. Boyer L, Francois P, Doutre E, Weil G, Labarere J. Perception and use of the results of patient satisfaction surveys by care providers in a French teaching hospital. Int J Qual Health Care 2006;18:359-64. (11) Assessment of Client’s Perception in Terms of Satisfaction and Service Utilization in the Central Government Health Scheme Dispensary at Kolkata, D Haldar, AP Sarkar, S Bisoi1, P Mondal2Indian Journal of Community Medicine, Vol. 33, Issue 2, April 2008 (12) Measuring Patient Satisfaction: A Case Study to Improve Quality of Care at Public Health Facilities. Prahlad Rai Sodani. Indian Journal of Community Medicine / Vol 35 / Issue 1 / January 2010 (13) Sivalenka S. Patient satisfaction surveys in public hospitals in India. Available from: http://www.rand.org. [Last accessed on 2011 Feb 16] (14) Kumari R, Idris MZ, Bhushan V, Khanna A, Agarwal M, Singh SK. Study on patient satisfaction in the government allopathic health facilities of Lucknow district, India. Indian J Comm Med 2009;34:35à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ42 (15) Peerasak L, Surasak B, Pattanawadi U. Patient satisfaction on health service at the family medicine learning centers. Chiang Mai Med Bull 2004;43:67à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ76. (16) Bhattacharya A, Prema Menon P, Vipin Koushal V, Rao KL. Study of patient satisfaction hospital in a tertiary referral hospital. J Acad Hosp Adm 2003;15:29à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ31 (17) Measuring patient satisfaction a case study to improve quality of care at public health facilities / Ind jcom. Med Vol 35 issi 1 jan 2010, 52-56. Prahlad Rai Sudani et.al. (18)Patient satisfaction with out of hours primary medical care. Quality in health care,2001;10:23-28 R K McKinley, C Roberts.

Overpopulation Causes Social Problems Essay -- Cause Effect Environmen

How Overpopulation Causes Social Problems Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how overpopulation causes social problems. To do so you must take many things into consideration, such as different views of racial problems and conflicting definitions of a social problem. Social problems can be defined in many different ways. They effect everyone and some of us encounter problems everyday as a result of our race, religion, gender, or low income. Others experience problems from technological change or declining neighborhoods, others are affected directly by crime and violence in their own neighborhood, and sometimes definitions of social problems are changed by society because of changes around you. Finally in order to achieve the purpose of this which is to examine and discuss different issues and situations that cause social problems such as poverty. Overpopulation and social problems go hand and hand in today’s society and there are many reasons and factors as to why these problems exist. Factors that lead to overpopulation that causes social problems are the increase in the number of single mothers in poor neighborhoods opposed to the decline in birth rates in the more efficient parts of the country, how the death rate is at a steady decline because of medical advances in rich and poor countries, the effects immigrants have on an environment and the population growth that occurs, the influence parents leave on children, and what is being done to help prevent the spread of AIDS because this is a deadly disease which is lowering our population but causing many social problems. Elements of a Social Problem There are also elements that make up a social problem. One of these elements is that â€Å"they cause physical or mental damage to individuals or society† (Carter p16) which means that sometimes people may permanently suffer before any action is taken to solve the problem because everybody thought it was not that big of a deal until sometimes permanent or short term damage has occurred. Another element is †they offend the values or standards of some powerful segment of society† (Carter p16) which means no matter what you do someone will always take offense against your actions because everyone has different views and values and what is important to some may not be to others. Another element is that â€Å"they persist for an ... ... is always a good future ahead and sometimes it is not always the parents blame. I also asked her opinion of the topic of my paper and if she thinks overpopulation is the main reason for social problems. She said that social problems are caused by many factors not just one and from her experience that in inner city areas where the population is higher there seem to be more problems that exist compared to an urban neighborhood where the population is lower. Conclusion In Conclusion social problems will always exist because social problems change as time changes. We often tend to overlook what we call necessities others call luxuries. Therefore in the future I hope social problems will become non-existent but that is pretty much impossible. I also feel that poverty is a huge problem we face as a world and that even though it is impossible to solve this problem, we must look at it as an ongoing problem and do our best to help solve this problem. In final I feel that overpopulation with a couple other factors such as diseases, young pregnancies, and the one that I think has the most importance is the environment you grow up in helps shape you into the person you grow up to be.

Information Systems Proposal

This course provides an overview of Business Information Systems. Students learn to apply Microsoft ® Office tools including work processing, spreadsheet, database, and presentation software to accomplish business objectives. Other topics include uses of application software and the Internet for effective problem solving, exploration of relevant emerging technologies, and how information is used across different industries. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. †¢Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read th e policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Grauer, R. T. , Poatsy, M. A. , Mulbery, K. , Hulett, M. , Krebs, C. & Mast, K. (2011). Microsoft ® Office 2010: Volume 1. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Rainer, R. K. & Cegielski, C. G. (2011). Introduction to information systems: Supporting and transforming business (3rd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Information Systems and Word Processing Tools DetailsDuePoints Objectives1. 1Explain the benefits of information systems in the work environment. 1. 2Describe ethical issues related to information technology. . 3Use word processing tools to communicate business objectives. ReadingsRead Ch. 1–3 & Technology Guide 1 of Introduction to Information Systems. Read Ch. 1 & 2 for Word in Microsoft ® Office 2010. Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. 2 Learning Team InstructionsResources: Learning Team Charter Create the Learning Team Charter. Individual Information Technology Acts PaperSelect two of the following acts to research: †¢Do Not Call Implementation Act, 2003 Controlling the Assault of Non-solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act, 2003 †¢Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), 2002 †¢Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (US Patriot Act), 2001, renewed 2006 †¢Children’s Internet Protection Act, 2000 †¢Financial Services Modernization Act, 1999 †¢Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), 1998 †¢No Electronic Theft (NET) Act, 1997 †¢Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), 1996 †¢Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), 1991 Video Privacy Protection Act, 1988 †¢Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, 1986 †¢Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 1986 †¢The Cable Communications Policy Act, 1984 †¢Electronic Funds Transfer Act, 1978 †¢Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, 1974 †¢Fair Credit Reporting Act, 1970 Prepare a 350- to 1,050-word paper that answers the following question: †¢What were the advances in information technology that resulted in new ethical issues necessitating the creation of each act? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. 10

25 to 32 Fast ACT Prep Study Plan in 10 Days

25 to 32 Fast ACT Prep Study Plan in 10 Days SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you need to raise your ACT score, ASAP? Do you want to make a huge score improvement, from good to amazing- from 25 to 32? It’s not easy, but you can take huge strides toward the ACT score of your dream in just 10 days.In this article, we show you how to pinpoint your weaknesses, create an effective study plan, and significantly raise your ACT score. Who Should Use This ACT Study Plan? Because this is only a 10-day plan, you'll have to commit to between two and five hours each day to see major improvements. Unfortunately, there's no substitute for putting in ample prep time, whether that’s an hour a day over five weeks, or a more concentrated plan like this one. If you do have more time before your test date, we highly recommend spending at least five weeks studying for the ACT. It’s easier to guarantee a score boost of 25 to 32 if you give yourself more time to practice. But if you want to improve your score quickly, or have already taken the ACT and want to improve your score before college apps are due, keep reading. This plan integrates a key component of all good study plans: focusing on your weaknesses. When time is of the essence, you need to make every hour count. How well you can do this will ultimately dictate how much you improve on the ACT. Now, let's take a look at the three steps you'll need to take to get your 10-day study plan started. Step 1: Take a Practice Test Your first step is to take an official, full-length ACT practice test. Even if you’ve taken the ACT before, you need to find out exactly what your strengths and weaknesses are before you begin studying. Remember to simulate actual test-taking conditions, including using a bubble sheet, and to follow official timing restrictions exactly. After you’ve taken the test, calculate your score out of 36 for each section to get your composite score (i.e., your total ACT score) and subscores. You can read our guide to learn more abouthow ACT scoring works. As you go over your answers, note where you lost the most points. For example, maybe your geometry subscore was super low but your other math subscores were good. Or maybe you lost points randomly, meaning you'll have to dig a little deeper to figure out which concepts you're struggling with. The ultimate goal is to pinpoint your weaknesses so that you can study the most effectively. Reviewing your mistakes is essential to formulating a solid prep plan. Your 10-day plan could look very different based on how you do on the practice test. Let's use three hypothetical students as examples: Student A, Student B, and Student C. Student A'sPractice Test Scores English: 23 Math: 25 Reading: 26 Science: 25 Composite: 25 Student A has work to do across the board to get her composite score up to 32. Although we'd recommend this student definitely devote some serious time to studying ACT grammar rules to raise her English score (her lowest section score), every single section score must see significant improvement for her to hit her goal score of 32. Student B's Practice Test Scores English: 30 Math: 24 Reading: 24 Science: 26 Composite: 26 Student B should spend the majority of the 10 days practicing Math, Reading, and Science. They can improve their English score by 2 points (up to a 32) by simply scoring 2 or 3 more raw points on that section- which shouldn’t require hours of extra studying. However, they'll need much bigger raw point gains for the other sections. Don't worry, Student B. By following this 10-day study plan, you'll be able to meet your ACT score goals! (Valerie (Vee) Bordeleau/Flickr) Student C's Practice Test Scores English: 30 Math: 20 Reading: 32 Science: 22 Composite: 26 Student C needs to make serious gains in Math and Sciencebut is already strong in English and Reading. He should focus his 10-day program on figuring out his content weaknesses in Math and Science, addressing them, and then drilling practice questions. He can also spend some time working to improve his English and Reading scores so as to lessen the burden on his presumed Math and Science score increases. Any additional composite point he can gain on English or Reading is one he doesn't have to earn on Math or Science. For example, he could aim for 34 on both English and Reading and 30 on both Math and Science and still get a composite score of 32. Step 2: Set Raw Score Goals for Each Section For this guide, we are assuming an ACT goal of a 32 composite score. But how many raw points (i.e., the number of questions you answer correctly) do you need to aim for to get this score? Here are the number of questions you'll need to get correct on each section: English: 70 out of 75 Math: 54 out of 60 Reading: 38 out of 40 Science: 38 out of 40 We added an extra raw point to these target scores compared with the ACT scoring charts, since the scaling can change slightly from test to test. If you can achieve all these raw scores, you will most likely get a 32 composite score. Remember, the ACT composite score is averaged, so you could get two 30s and two 34s and average out to 32 for all sections. You can use our scoring guide to set your own raw score goals if you have different section goals or a different composite score goal in mind. Note that at this level, you should be answering every question. Don’t just do 70 English problems and leave the rest blank. Answer every question with the goal of getting them all correct, so that if you do have some wrong answers, you can still get a total of 70 raw points. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. This way you get the most out of your study time and make the most improvements in the least time possible. You won't have to worry aboutwhatto study - just focus on learning. Check out our 5-day free trial: Step 3: Gather ACT Prep Materials The final step is to gather the ACT study materials you want to use throughout your study plan. For step-by-step guidance, we highly recommend our PrepScholar ACT program.We go through the process of identifying your weaknesses for you, giving you more time to focus on filling in content gaps and improving your score. If you’re going at it alone or just want more tools, though, here's what we recommend for your ACT prep: #1: ACT Prep Books Use our guide to the best ACT prep books on the market as a starting point for building your ACT prep book arsenal. These prep books contain practice problems, tests, and the content information you'll need to fix your weaknesses and get a 32 on the ACT. Definitely start by getting The Official ACT Prep Guide and the Black Book, plus subject-specific books if your performance on your practice test shows weaknesses in certain areas. For example, we'd recommend Student C from our example above get books specifically for Math and Science. #2: Test Accessories Pencils, erasers, a calculator, a watch- think of these as tools you need to do well on the ACT. It might seem trivial, but getting used to using a (ACT-approved) watch to time yourself can help you save time on the test. Plus, if you aren't used to telling time on a watch (as opposed to a cell phone), it's better that you get used to doing so before a high-stress situation like a standardized test. The same goes for your calculator: you want to make sure you're familiar with the calculator you'll be using on the ACT so you don't waste valuable time on test day fiddling around with it. Using non-mechanical pencils and erasers instead of pens on the test will get you into the right mindset for the test as well. If you're doing the ACT Essay, writing with a non-mechanical pencil is even more important because you need to get used to writing in pencil for long stretches rather than just for bubbling in answer choices. #3: Our Free Online ACT Resources We've got a lot of free ACT prep resources to offer you at PrepScholar. Our free eBookgives you a more in-depth guide to improving your ACT score and identifying and fixing your weaknesses. We also strongly recommend readingour article onhow to get a perfect 36 on the ACT, written by our resident perfect scorer; this guide will help put you in the right mindset for a 32 or higher. Even if you're not trying to get a 36, you'll need to use these principles to improve your ACT score, especially in such a short time frame. Finally, we've consolidated all of our writing on the ACT sections into ultimate prep guides. Whether you want general tips or specific strategies, these guides have them all. Learn the principles and get the tools you need to propel your composite score to a 32 with our complete study guides to ACT English, ACT Math, ACT Reading, and ACT Science. If you plan to take the ACT with Writing, be sure to also check out our ultimate guide to theACT Essay. #4: Free and Official ACT Practice Tests Sitting down and taking realistic, full-length ACT practice tests is key to preparing for the ACT. Not only will it familiarize you with the test format, but it'll also help you pinpoint your weaknesses and work on them, as well as give you an idea of how your studying is going. Use our collection of free and official ACT practice teststo get started. General Advice as You Begin Studying for the ACT Before we go over our 10-day plan, here are some of our best tips for getting the most out of your ACT prep. Follow these to help you get the biggest score improvements in the least amount of time. #1: Always Guess There's no guessing penalty on the ACT, so even if you’re at the end of a section and have two questions left you can’t answer, it's best to just fill in random answers. You have a 20-25% chance of getting a question right, so take the shot! #2: Use the Process of Elimination Eliminating wrong answers is a good way to approach tough questions, and will increase your odds of getting points if you encounter a question you're not sure about and end up guessing on. Even though the right answer isn’t always obvious, it’s usually easy to spot at least one or two wrong answers,raising your odds of getting a question right to 33% or even 50%. #3: Don’t Get Stuck on Hard Questions A great strategy is to mark difficult questions and come back to them later. Timing is key on the ACT as you have less than a minute per question. This means thatif you waste five minutes on a hard question, you are losing the opportunity to work on five more questions, which can seriously tank your score. Seeour guide on ACT lengthfor more tips on pacing yourself. #4: Mark Questions You're Unsure About When practicing, don’t just correct multiple-choice questions and tally your score. Rather,star any questions you weren't sure about. That way, when you correct your answers, you can make sure to study that type of question and see why you struggled with it (even if you got it right). If you only focus on wrong answers, you could actually leave some content gaps unfilled. Remember, the goal isn't to study until you can get most of the answers right- it's to study until you're confident that you won't get any questions wrong. #5: Identify and Fix Weaknesses When correcting your answers to ACT practice questions, don't go over the answer explanations too quickly. You need to figure out why you got an answer wrong as well as how you can keep yourself from making this mistake again. Just drilling practice questions without understanding your true weaknesses won’t help you improve your score. We suggest taking notes on your mistakes in a notebook. This will help you keep track of your content weaknesses and guide your studying. #6: Don't Sweat the Essay The ACT Writing section, or Essay, does not affect your composite score.So if getting 32 is your main goal, don’t spend tons of time practicing for the Essay. You only have 10 days, and you'll need to use them wisely! While we recommend preparing for the Essay to an extent (I suggest reading our guide to writing the ACT Essay), don't waste precious hours practicing for this section when you still have big point improvements to make on other, more important sections. 10-Day ACT Study Plan Now that we've gotten the basics out of the way, here is a 10-day ACT prep plan you can use to go from 25 to 32. Again, be aware that this a very time-intensive plan.To truly benefit from it, you'll need to clear your schedule as much as you can and give yourself adequate time to study. Days 1-4: Fill In Content Gaps Time: 3-4 hours per day As you start studying, your first priority is to pinpoint topics you don’t know and learn them. You can’t expect to get 32 with major content weaknesses. Whether you struggle with interpreting scientific studies, solving plane geometry questions, or remembering grammar rules, your first step is to find out what you don’t know and then master it. Use your results from the practice test to determine what to focus on during these first four days. You should then use your prep program, books, and/or other study materials to concentrate on subject areas you're struggling with the most. On each day, focus on a single ACT section: English, Reading, Math, or Science. Take practice sections and use practice questions, but don’t worry about taking full practice exams just yet. For example, Student A above would devote one day each to all of the sections, whereas Student C should probably spend two days on Math and two days on Science. Suggested Time Breakdown 1-2 hours: Find weaknesses in the section. Use your prep books and online resources to fill in your content gaps. After you’ve learned the new content, quiz yourself on each individual weakness. For example, if you realized you always miss subject/verb agreement questions on the English section, first read up on subject/verb agreement and then do practice problems that quiz this topic specifically. 35 minutes-1 hour: Take a full section from a practice test, strictly timed. If pacing is an issue for you, experiment with doing a combination of untimed sections, time-and-a-half sections, and officially timed sections. 1 hour: Review mistakes from the practice test and make sure you understand them. Remember to take notes on your mistakes in your journal! Research additional content weaknesses if needed. Days 5-7: Take and Review Practice Tests Time: 4-5 hours per day During this time you'lltake a full practice test each day (excluding the Essay section at the end). Even if you have strong sections, like Student C above, do the practice anyway so you can identify any silly mistakes you tend to make and can ensure you'll do just as well on test day as you do in your practice. Consistency is key! As you test, star questions you're unsure of to make sure you revisit them while correcting, even if you end up getting them right. Spend time afterwardidentifying your mistakes and figuring out why you made them. Don’t just brush off an answer and say, â€Å"Oh, I forgot the Pythagorean theorem, so I guessed." Figure out why you couldn’t remember the formula and thenmake a plan so you can get similar questions right in the future. Also, revisit questions you starred even if you ultimately got them right. It's important to address any stubborn content gaps. Suggested Time Breakdown 3 hours: Take a full ACT practice test (ideally, an official one) without the Essay section. 1-2 hours: Correct your test and carefully note all of your mistakes in your notebook. Figure out where your remaining weaknesses are and research any content gaps you still have. Days 8-9: Review and Target Weaknesses Time: 3-5 hours per day Based on your performance on the practice tests, you'll now do more fine-tuned work on areas you still have weaknesses in. Here are some examples of what you could focus on in your prep: Drill areas you're still making mistakesor have content weaknesses in. Maybe you’re struggling with the trigonometry questions on Math. In this case, head back to your study materials to review the content before you do any more practice questions in that area. Do more practice sections if you'rerunning out of time or struggling with pacing. Remember to wear a watch and keep an eye on how much time you spend on each question. If you're consistently hitting 32, continue to take full practice tests and grade them. Your goal is consistency, so keep practicing, even if you think you're set to go. Spend some time working on the Essay. Again, the Essay does not affect your total ACT score, but you don’t want it to be extremely low in comparison. Check out our guide to writing an ACT essay to help you get started. Day 10: Brush Up On Weaknesses and Rest Time: 1-2 hours You don’t want to study too intensively the day before the test- this will burn you out and do more harm than good! At this stage, it's best to do some practice problems in your weak spots, or one or two practice sections if you're working on pacing, to keep your mind warmed up. That said, remember to focus on relaxing and getting rest before the test, too.Read our tips for getting ready the night before and the morning of the test. Additionally,make sure you don’t forget anything important when you go to take the test! What’s Next? If you’re not sure you can handle this on your own, check out PrepScholar’s ACT study program. We go through the process of identifying your weak points for you. We also give you rigorous practice questions designed by 99th percentile scorers. One important part of studying is keeping your motivation in place. Check out our list of automatic scholarships for ACT scores. The higher your score, the more money you can earn! You can also use your dream colleges to adjust your target ACT score. See our guide to what a good ACT score is to find out the score you need to aim for. We also have a guide specifically for the Ivy League. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.