Mental illness Essay Example

Mental illness Essay Example Mental illness Essay Mental illness Essay Health is not the absence of disease but it is a state in which an individual is physically, mentally and psychologically well. When looking at health, you have to consider both the structural, emotional and chemical health of the body. Emotional health involves peoples’ attitudes and thoughts which play a great role in the overall health of an individual. The body is considered to be structurally health when organs, muscles, bones and other body parts are physically health without any damage. Chemical health exists when there is a chemical balance in our body such that toxic chemicals are gotten rid off. I choose this definition because it incorporates every part of the body: psychological aspect, physical and chemical aspect. An individual may not be suffering from a disease but still be considered as unhealthy if there is chemical imbalance in the body or his/her body structures are not sound. Aspects such as body mass index, weight/height ratio are important in determining an individual’s physical health (Tilden, 2005). Mental health: Mental health differs from one individual to the other with others being mentally healthier than others. It is said that we all suffer from some form of mental illness that cannot be medically diagnosed. For one to be mentally health, he/she should be able to enjoy life, be flexible and self actualized. This is achieved through activities such as mindfulness meditation that allow an individual to get the best out of the present. Flexibility on opinions can also enhance the mental health of an individual. Individuals who are rigid in their opinions may end up developing mental problems as a result of stress from the rigid opinions they holds. Self actualization is important in getting the best out of someone. People who are mentally health are in the self actualization process because they try to get the best out of every situation. This is the right definition because of the different aspects of life that it involves. Flexibility, self actualization and enjoying life help in dealing with the different situations that face us in our day to day lives. They help us socialize and make new friends, enable us to deal with loss and misfortunes, raise our self esteem and improve our sexuality (World Health Organization, 2005). Opinions about mental health: My ideas about mental health and illness have mainly come from biological theories that exist. Research indicates that there is a genetic connection to development of a mental disorder. Presently, it is thought that genes have an influence on expression or non-expression of the human character like the facial expression and mental health. Research on identical twins has provided strong evidence that genetic components play a role in development of schizophrenia. On average, there is a 1 % probability of an average person in the US developing schizophrenia while in identical twins if one is diagnosed with this condition, there is a 50% probability of the other one developing the condition regardless of the conditions in which he/she has been brought up in. Dementia on the other hand has been renowned to run in families although one cannot predict with certainty that the same can affect the generation that follows. It is only Huntington’s cholera: a movement disorder that appears to have a single gene as a determinant. Other types of dementia such as Alzheimer’s do not express a familial pattern although its expression in an individual cannot be predictable. Scientists believe the same can apply to other mental disorders which run in families like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, panic and depression disorders. I believe that alcohol together with substance abuse have a connection to mental illness. Because alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, I believe it plays a major role in development of depression together with other mental health disorders. Apart from depression, nutritional deficiencies that result from alcohol use increase the risk of individual developing nutritional related mental disorders. For example, deficiency of thiamine can lead to brain damage in form of severe dementia even during the early stages of life. Individual suffering from withdrawal syndrome have been found to be at a greater risk of developing delirium tremens which can result to cardiovascular shock or even death. â€Å"Designer† drugs such as â€Å"Ecstasy† have a significant effect on behavior and can bring about permanent memory loss together with severe depression which respond poorly to treatment. Therefore, these drugs can be thought to be contributors to sudden mental illness onset. Other factors such as social cultural factors also contribute to other mental illnesses like Anorexia nervosa, body dysmorphic disorder and bulimia nervosa. Because of the society’s perception of slender women as beautiful, there has been a significant occurrence of eating disorders. This is because of lack of self-esteem together with feelings of being out of control. The fear of sexual maturation has also been said to be a contributing factor to psychological eating disorders. Such factors has changed the society such that it has shifted to valuing activities over the rest which has turned many individuals to slaves of work with little care for the inner self. Mild cases of stress related disorders have as a result an increased likelihood of developing to full blown panic, depressive disorders and anxiety. Therefore, according to my opinion, for one to acquire a healthy mental state, there has to be a balance between work/activities and rest/relaxation. Is it possible for an individual to have a mental illness and still be healthy? It is possible for an individual to be health despite being diagnosed with a mental illness. Mental health stretches beyond the absence of a mental condition. When an individual is diagnosed with a mental condition, it doesn’t necessarily mean that the individual is mentally unhealthy but instead it means that: they have to work more in maintaining their mental health as compared to others. There are individuals who do not have any mental condition but cannot be said to be mentally healthy. This is because they have difficulties in managing stress to the extent that it affects their physical well being by developing headaches, heart diseases and stomach upsets. Difficulties in anger management also can contribute to mental instability which in return affects the mental health. Therefore, it is possible for an individual with a mental condition to be healthy if he/she is able to manage him/herself effectively to be able to enjoy life and achieve goals without many difficulties. What is recovery? According to me, it is the process of changing for the better which can be enhanced by the following factors: treatment, criminal justice interventions, faith institutions, receiving support from family, friends and other individuals and also mutual groups/recovery centers. Stigma associated with a mental illness can affect an individual in different aspects. It can lead to isolation from the community and friends through exclusions and rejections. It can make the individual to be denied proper housing, health insurance, loans and even jobs. A person may as a result of stigma loss self esteem making it difficult for him to interact and make new friends affecting his/her social life. They may also be denied treatment because of the denial state of the individual or the family members. It can also lead to separation in couples. Hence it is important for proper care to be taken to ensure that adequate care and love is provided to people with mental conditions. Bibliography Tilden, H. J. (2005) What Is Health? Kessinger Publishing, LLC. World Health Organization (2005). Mental health: facing the challenges, building solutions: report from the WHO European Ministerial Conference. WHO Regional Office Europe.

Business Analysis of John Lewis Partnership Outline

Business Analysis of John Lewis Partnership - Outline Example This paper will examine the methods that have been used by the partnership as well as how these have led to initiatives that have moved ahead of competitors in the UK. The several areas of analysis performed in relation to the John Lewis Partnership will provide insight into strategies which businesses can apply to begin to move forward in the retail sector. SWOT Analysis The relevance of the SWOT analysis is to work into new strategies that will help to monitor and change the aspects within the corporation. The main ideal is to work toward a sense of knowledge management which can be applied within the organization while moving forward with different strategies and approaches that are associated with the corporation (Zhiping, Yonghong, 2002). When looking at the strategies of the John Lewis Partnership, it can be seen that the strengths of the corporation should be a continuous feature. This is based on the diversity of products that are offered with the retail store, ranging from w ine shops to business solutions and insurance (Felicitta, 2009). This diversity is followed by finding partners and small business owners that can tap into the retail store as a part owner. This allows the internal environment to have a spirit of entrepreneurship, while creating more opportunities for growth and support within the community. As this is done, it helps to stimulate loyal customers and responses among those that are in the community (Shi, 2007). The weaknesses that are from this main attribute come from the dimensions of positioning. This is a main problem with those who are in the retail industry, specifically because it changes the outcome of which customers will decide to shop in a specific area and will also alter the relationships and partnership that are provided within the company (Messinger, 2007). The positioning of the John Lewis Partnership is one that is limited by the partnerships which are incorporated as well as the sectors which have already been develo ped. This allows other competitors to begin to move into the sector and change the outlooks with other retail management options. Since most of the stores are built on partnerships, this may mean that the partners don’t have the necessary opportunities to continue and to make the desired profit (Tustin, 2006). The opportunities and threats that are associated with this can lead to further strategies to change the level of popularity against competition. The main opportunity comes from the multiple stores offered. Most competitors create a vertical relationship, meaning the association is based only on the one set of stores opened (Liu, Davies, 2007). This particular opportunity led to a 79.3% increase in 2008 and another 3.6% increase in 2009, with 11,365.4 million as the revenue (Aark, 2010). However, the partnerships established allow the John Lewis change into a multiple layer orientation of expansion, allowing them to move beyond competitors because of the diversity offer ed. While this works effectively, the mass amount of partnerships also limits other attributes. There are not as many price cuts and quality differences in most of the retail stores because of the partnerships established. Competitors with independent stores and national chains often move ahead of John Lewis Partnership because of the differences in price and the diversity of products which can be offered (Hall, 2007). TOWS Analysis The

Boutique Hotels Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Boutique Hotels - Literature review Example This has also led to growth of hotels in almost every tourist destination around the world. The recent financial meltdown took a sever toll on the profitability and revenue margins of the hotel industry particularly in UK which whose economy took a major beating after the economic recession. However a recent report published by Price water house Coopers presents a comeback for the hotel industry in UK. The report states a growth rate projection of 7.8 percent in 2011 for London however the other provinces would have a lower growth rate which is pegged at approximately 3.1 percent in 2011. The report also forecasts a moderate growth with regards to room rates in the provinces (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2010, p.2). The present study would contrite its focus on the boutique hotels in Brighton, UK. The study would try to analyse the marketing perspective of the boutique hotels which would include an analysis of the segmentation and positioning strategies adopted by these hotels. In this co ntext a primary and a secondary study would be carried out. The primary study would comprise of a questionnaire survey which would be conducted in two parts. The first section would cover the managerial aspects of these hotels while the second survey would be aimed at finding out the positioning of the boutique hotels in the minds of the consumers. The secondary study would encompass an analysis of the existing literature on the topic of study. This would include an analysis of the various marketing concepts which would be linked with the practical aspects of the industry. Finally a set of plausible recommendations would be framed on the basis of the analysis of primary and secondary data which could be used by the concerned organizations to create greater value for the organization in the long run. Research Objectives (can put my aim and objective) The main objectives of the research study would be to analyze the different aspects of marketing associated with the boutique hotels. T his would include an analysis of the segmentation, targeting positioning as well as the elements of the marketing mix. The study would also include a discussion on the perception of the managers as well as the general consumers with regards to the concept of boutique hotels. These would be carried out by using a combination of primary and secondary research. The primary research would be based a questionnaire survey and the secondary data in the form of an analysis of the existing literature would be used to analyse and prepare a set of plausible recommendations and conclusions so as to sustain the business of boutique hotels in the long run. Literature Review Market Overview of Boutique Hotels Boutique hotels have evolved as one of the major participants of the tourism

St. Anselm's Ontological Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

St. Anselm's Ontological Argument - Essay Example That is, absolute cause of everything, which implies that God exists. Anselm at the beginning starts by explaining and rooting his ontology in the Christian understanding of God, in that He is â€Å"something beyond which nothing greater can be thought† (Pojman & Rea 139). In this regard, Anselm implies that Gods is the end in power, love, truth and other qualities beyond which nothing of better quality can be conceived. Anselm takes the reader through two steps: he explains and defines the basic qualities of God in relation to his divineness and explains the absolute necessity of God‘s existence in the universe in relation to nature. In the first regard, Anselm narrates about God’s perfection. God is a perfect being in all angles, with other beings trying to emulate this perfection. By considering the order in nature, which Anselm relies on to prove his ontological argument, there is much perfection in nature where the orderliness of things that exist is puzzling . Nature and how it relates is so orderly that there has to exist a being either in understanding or in reality from whom nature owes its orderliness. Such a being has to be the absolute perfection, beyond which no other perfection can be possibly conceived and which is replicated by the physical orderliness of nature. This is because nature draws its orderliness not from itself, but from a power much greater and perfect than itself. Such a being as Anselm states cannot be said not to exist, as his powers are manifested by what really exists. A thing cannot cause itself, but has to have a higher cause from which it derives its existence. This means that the perfection in nature has its cause from a higher perfection, beyond which no more perfection can be thought, which is God himself. Anselm explains the difference between what exists in understanding and what is real. For instance, persons, tables, trees or what is seen or experienced exists in reality having a close contact with humanity. This means that these things exist and there is no argument about their being or not being. However, Anselm defines another classification of things that exit in understanding. These things still exist, though in a different way from those that are known in reality; consequently, it is possible that something will exist in reality and at the same time in understanding. For instance, a painter who proceeds to paint has what he wishes to paint existing in understanding and paints it to exist in reality (Pojman & Rea 139). This as Anselm argues implies that there has to be a form of that which exists in reality, which exists in understanding. Considering a table, there has to be an idea of what a table looks like, which is the perfection form of the thing and which exits in understanding. As Anselm states, â€Å"the fool says in his heart there is no God, when it is so evident to the rational mind that you among all beings exist most greatly† (Pojman & Rea 139). By the mere fact that even a fool recognizes that there has to be power where everything seems to converge, or behind anything they may not fully understand the actual cause, portrays that such a fool does not totally reject the existence of God. Moreover, that which is real exists despite our understanding. Consequently, the thought of existence of such a superior being implies that God really does exist. If a fool does not think

Theodore and Wilson Essay Example for Free

Theodore and Wilson Essay When we are writing about progressivism, there were three progressive presidents that were in the White House from 1901 – 1921. That was Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson. Between these three of our president together, it is said that they were very different however, they did have one thing in common reform policy and regulations in American Society. This here is about the election of 1912 when the current President Taft who was at the time said that he was not interested in a second term at heart. Theodore Roosevelt who endorsed Taft after he stepped down in 1907 became very unhappy with his actions at the White House, so decided that he would run against him however he was not endorsed as a republican runner. He decided and determined he would begin his own party The Bull Moose Party. Roosevelt ran on, standing on his past record and his new vision. The two front-runners were Wilson and Roosevelt however in turn this just split the republican votes and Wilson was the elected one. Theodore Roosevelt was a war hero, known for his action taken during the Spanish-American Wars and leading the charge with assembly of the Calvary Unit â€Å"The Rough Riders† He was also known for being a very out spoken courageous man. . Theodore Roosevelt experience extended as a New York City Police Commissioner, Lieutenant Cornel and Governor. His belief in â€Å"speaking softly and carrying a big stick.† Another interesting fact was that Theodore Roosevelt did not traditionally â€Å"join the Army† prior to the war he was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy. He was commissioned as Lieutenant Colonial at the beginning of the idea that the United States going to fight a war against Spain in Cuba. Theodore Roosevelt was not at first elected to be President United States however, he was elected as the Vise President. He was the succors’ of McKinley who was shot in Buffalo, New York on September 06, 1901 and died September 14 1901, this is when the Vice  President Theodore Roosevelt became the President of the United States. This here was the beginning our new president vowed to change and lead the country in a direction that he believes was right. While in office He demanded a â€Å"Square Deal†, He thought that industries should be regulated for the interests of the American people by regulating, fixing up what he believed were problems. Such as control of corporations, consumer protection, and conservation. His square deal vision was that every American gets a fair chance, at the time many companies were taking advantage of the people of the United States and created unfair working conditions. Therefore, came the term â€Å"The big stick† in which he was known for threatening to use against companies. He busted 40 other companies up using this method. His vision was for the government to take control by regulating. He did this by implementing Trusts regulation, Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, Roosevelt Corollary construction of the Panama Canal. His new campaign was about the New Nationalism. His beliefs were that a president should take any actions for the common good of the people of the United States. â€Å"This country belongs to the people who inhabit it. Its resources, its business, its institutions and its laws should be utilized, maintained or altered in whatever manner will best promote the general interest.† (American Experience. 1912) His belief in the preservation of conservation the protecting wilderness to create millions of Ackers protected by the government, this help create the National Parks such as Yosemite Pak, Yellowstone and the Grand Canyon. Another belief was that we should have a mighty military and build the largest Navy in the world and believed that everyone in the world should be aware. Woodrow Wilson was always in the political arena as he studied government at Princeton University Major in American Politics and also received a PhD in History and Political Science from Johns Hopkins University. Woodrow Wilson was nominated as President of Princeton University, and then was elected Governor of New Jersey, which lead him to be President of the United States. (Bowles, 2011) While in office Woodrow Wilson took some of Roosevelt’s ideas such as saying all trust were bad trust, he was very aggressive on eliminating all. He disliked big business he thought that all monopolies and trust should be broken up because they were hurting the smaller business and the people of America by doing so he said that he was offering the citizens a New Freedom, by setting up all new Acts. He set up the Federal Trade Commission Act to regulate business to stop unfair practices. This was where people could bring complaints about trusts to the government and have a hearings on unfair practices. â€Å"Clayton Antitrust Act banned business that limited free enterprise â€Å"It was important because it eliminated price discrimination, made illegal the acquiring of stock in competing companies to control markets, and restricted mergers of large companies.† (Bowles, 2011) â€Å"While he was successful with the passage of the Underwood-Simmons Tariff, which lowered tariffs from 26 to 24 percent.† (Bowles, 2011) During the Wilson administration, we had the first graduation of income tax also Women came to vote during his time in the presidency Some of Wilson’s beliefs were that by studying public administration governmental efficiency could be increased in our country. He believed that a more moderate and had won the national election on the slogan He kept us out of war this was his call during his second term. This was something that he believed that we as a country did not have to fight any wars. In order to get things accomplished. It was as he thought that we did to need to fight wars in order to get our ways, to keep America out of the war in Europe. He also did not think that we needed a large military, which in turn was shown differently when we entered WWI. â€Å"At last a vision has been vouchsafed us of our life as a whole. We see the bad with the good, the debased and decadent with the sound and vital. With this vision we approach new affairs. Our duty is to cleanse, to reconsider, to restore, to correct the evil without impairing the good, to purify and humanize every process of our common life.† (American Experience. 1913) Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson These two president were the  definition of the progressivism they had remarkable ideas and careers. As progressive presidents, they produced quite a few notable achievements. They together set the stage and the direction that our country as a whole was steered in during both their time in office and regulations emplaced into motion that have helped shape our country today. â€Å"They were both political architects who did much to shape the landscape of 20th century and especially the office of the U.S. presidency.† (Bowles, 2011) They left behind legacies that made it tough for the next Presidents that followed them into the White House. References American Experience. (1912). Progressive Party Platform. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/tr-progressive/ American Experience. (1910). The New Nationalism. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/tr-nationalism/ American Experience. (1913). Woodrow Wilsons First Inaugural Address. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/tr-woodrow/

An Analysis Of The World Film Industry Economics Essay

An Analysis Of The World Film Industry Economics Essay In this research project, the target audience should to be the people working in the film industry. The results might be better validated through consultation with his target group, however, obtaining this data, e.g. via a survey, is problematic, as it is hard to predict the return rates. For this reason, this primary research could not be done. Nevertheless, secondary research will be adapted in this project, and this chapter will still contain the data from some scholars in order to provide some evidence in answer to the research question. It will also contain some data and results from EcoWin. EcoWin is a web-based database that collates a wide variety of financial and economic time series from over 100 different countries. Moreover, the economic concepts used in this project will be the multiplier effects. This is because the multiplier effect is a method by which job opportunities and wealth are created by attracting new industry to an area. It is used to explain the relationships between an industry and the related creation of wealth in the area. It could increase the amount of industries in the area, which would create more jobs and hence wealth and the overall image of an area. 3.1 The Multiplier Effect The multiplier effect can be seen in most industries, and can illustrate the improvement and development of an industry. The multiplier will meet its greatest impact where idle resources exist. The following model (diagram 1) is an example of this theory. It shows how the film industry could affect the economy. Although the film industry has been established in a particular country, it will need to decide whether the film will shoot locally or overseas. Each step will lead to different consequences. For instance, where the film industry decides to shoot a film overseas, it may induce jobs to that country, which will help the country to improve their technology and cultural. Furthermore, this will help them to attract more companies from overseas to invest in their country. This may successfully raise some of the countrys GDP. As seen in Appendix 1, information from the UK council, it was stated that the multiplier effect had helped the UK gain  £425 million in tax revenue and had c ontributed  £1.6 billion to their GDP per year. This shows the significance of the multiplier effect to the economy. Diagram 1 Example of the Multiplier Effect in the Film Industry. Chapter 4. Data Analysis and Results The factors that might affect the economy are categorised as employment, tourism, technology and culture. Taking a film festival or shooting a film as an example, we can compare the unemployment rate during the hosting of the festival and during any other time. This is because the employment rate might only affect the countrys economy within a short period of time. In addition, the tourism, culture and technology elements spillover to the film industry might also affect the local or national economy. India, Korea and Hong Kong are all examples of developing countries that are showing good performance in their film industry. This chapter will compare the results from selected developing countries (India, Hong-Kong) and developed countries (UK, US), to see if there are any similarities and differences between them and why. This chapter will also try to investigate only one film Blood Diamond, released at the end of 2006, because the ranges of the film industry are too big. This film was produced in America but shot in South Africa, so it is a good example for this project to investigate. Furthermore, we will compare the tourism rate before and after the release of the film to see whether there were any affects to the economy. It might be easy for people to find out whether are there any relationship between film industry and the economy. Also, by finding some data of labour income and referring to the multiplier effect (diagram 1), we will draw a timeline of the film industry to see the threshold and investigate and analyse all the process the between developed and developing countries. The result may able to show whether the development of a film industry will help to increase the LDCs economy. 4.1 Developing countries (Hong Kong India) VS Developed Country (US) To find out whether the film industry could help and improve the LDCs economy, we will compare the growth of the film industry in developing countries and a developed country. 4.1.1Hong-Kong India Hong-Kong and India are both developing countries that are performing well in their film industries. Hong-Kongs film production reached its highest levels during the 50s and 60s. However, after the world war, the education of the new generations became more Occidentalising; one of the reasons for this is because traditional Hong-Kong films were not able to meet the audiences taste. Bringing in US films, also bring in their culture and technology. For example, the performed of the new 3D technology from the US in 2009, it had helped to increase the revenue for Hong Kongs film industry. From a report of US Commercial Service (2010), said that the new 3D technology has helped grow Hong-Kongs box office, it had gain US$151.9 million in 2009 which had grown 6.5 percent from 2008. It shows the affect of the USs film industry to the Hong-Kong economy. Moreover, from the Financial Express (2002), it had stated that the India film industry could contribute around RS 50000 crore to their GDP. Bhushan (2010) had also stated that the film industry had contributed $1.5 billion to the Indian economy from 2008-2009. The Website Indiancinema.com (2008) has stated that filmmaking in India may be the best among all developing countries because other countries are more sophisticated in their technologies. Moreover, it also provided evidence  [1]  that the development of the film industry will support the economy. 4.1.2 US UK Nowadays, the US film industry could be considered the most successful, as it has produced such a high number of famous films. Also, the US film industry might have a higher budget for shooting films, because their financial resources are much more abundant compared to others. However, the US film industry was not like this at the beginning, and has undergone a number of development processes. The following shows the impact from film industry to UKs GDP in 2009; it had reinforced the fact that the film industry could affect the economy. Table 1 Summery of Economic contribution of UK film industry 2009. (Source: Oxford Economics) 4.3 Tourism: The inducement of tourism is one of the important factors that the government should pay attention to. Tourism might increase in other countries because of the publics attraction to the films or stars; it will create an incentive for the local economy. For example, the rise of tourism will also cause a rise in production, which may in turn raise the local economy. 4.3.1 South Africa Many scholars have agreed that the film industry might affect the economy by drawing in tourists attracted by the film. Figure 1 shows the total arrivals and departures of foreigners in South Africa. Both the arrivals and departures rates are increasing each year, showing successful development. In early 1986, both rates increased at a slow tempo until 1990, after which they both had a sharp increase. During 1995 and 1997, both rates are growing unstably, showing slight fluctuation. Mongabay (2009) stated that Africas economy had been shaped over many centuries, and started getting better in 1994 because of their new government policies, which also improved the health of their economy and saw a growth in their GDP  [2]  . Figure 1 South Africa: Total Arrivals/Departures of Foreigners. (Source: EcoWin) 4.3.2 America: 4.4 Labor Market: Employment/Unemployment The employment rate might only be significant in the developed world, with no reverent correlation in the third world. Refer to the Multiplier effect (Diagram 2), the exits of film industry will provide jobs for the local, and will induced jobs overseas in short run. The example of a US film Blood Diamond shows that, although the film industry will induce jobs to South Africa this will only apply while the film is shooting. This only shows a small effect on the local economy, unlike the countries that have built their own film studios, like the US, and who will be available to provide long-term employment opportunities. Figure 2 US: Full/Part time/Total Employment. (Source: EcoWin) It is important to note that the national employment rate is not affected by the film industry; however, it will affect the local employment rate temporarily. This is because the employment rate will only be affected while the film is shooting, unless the country builds a film studio in order to apply long-term employment. In other words, the film industry will only have a certain amount of effect in the national labor market. 4.4.1: South Africa: As the film industry may bring in some job opportunities for local people, Figure 5 shows the comparison of total employment and unemployment from 2001 to 2009, while Figure 6 shows the unemployment rate in South Africa. Table 3 in Appendix 3 shows that while the unemployment rate in South Africa in 2006 is at its lowest, the employment also starts to rise. Figure 3 South Africa: Total Employment/Unemployment. (Source: EcoWin) Figure 4 South Africa: Unemployment Rate. (Source: EcoWin) The film industry will be able to affect the employment rate locally in the short run; however, it will be impacting the income rate of the local people in the longer term. As Figure 7 shows below, the income rate is increasing each year; it started to grow faster in 1985, and rose sharply from 2000 to 2006. Relate this to Table 5 in Appendix 3, the income in 2004 is 141167, 156270 in 2005, rising to 193678.5 in 2006. It had increased by 37408.5 from 2005 to 2006, a sharp rise. Part of the reason for this might be that the film Blood Diamond was shooting during this period. It affected the local income gradually. Figure 5 South Africa: Labour Income. (Source: EcoWin) 4.5 Cultural; Culture will show the characteristic of a country and could represent a country in some cases. In the film industry, each country will have different interests in the type of film they produce. For instance, Indian movies will be more likely to contain song and dance but in the US they prefer more a more hi-tech approach. As the song and dance in the movie are already become a feature to Indian film, this is why people had called the Hindi cinema as Bollywood  [3]  . Nowadays, people will recognise Bollywood as producing Indian films and Hollywood as producing American films; this could show the affect of culture. Sometime, the living habits of a country will be reflected in the movie. 4.6 Technology: The improvement of technology will affect the production of the economy and will have the power to affect the national economy as well. Where filmmakers shoot films in other countries, they might bring in some new technology. Or technology will be improved through communicating and competing with other countries. For example Avatar  [4]   in 3D was a novelty to many people around the world and attracted a wide audience, which resulted in high box office profits. US Commercial Service (2010), it has stated that gross revenue of Hong Kongs film industry is expected to expand in the coming years because of the opening of new multiplexes and 3D cinemas, and strong government support If this film had been released in some LDCs, it would have created an awareness and interest of some new technologies amongst the locals, who may not have seen this kind of high technique film before. It would enable let the LDCs to gain knowledge and information by the inducement of technology, or they may decide to use the same techniques used in the film in their own productions. Furthermore, the exchange of technologies between countries will cause a technology spillover. 4.7 Government Policy: Tax With regards to a government helping the film industry through tax relief, Wallack (2008) quoted a report by Massachusetts Film Office showing that when Walt Disney Pictures spent $50 million filming in Massachusetts in 2006, the company received nearly $10 million in credits from the state. The action of the government can affect the growth of the film industry, as shown in the example of tax relief. Moreover, it will be able to encourage local production. The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 included, amongst a myriad of other business tax breaks, a measure to benefit small movie production by allowing full write-off of production costs up to US$15m, at a presumed cost of US$336m. On the other hand, in the early 70s there were loopholes in the US tax system, which caused shooting to exceed budget, which had a negative effect on the economy. Chapter 5. Conclusion Production, consumption and distribution are important in the film industry; these may affect the profits that the country may earn. For instance, if a countrys production levels are high, it may increase their employment rates and distribution and may raise the reputation of the country, which might then increase investment from other countries. Every country will have to face developmental stages, which shows the improvement of each sector in the country. Take the film industry as an example: not every country had cinemas from the very beginning but each started to develop as time went on. The development of the film industry might affect the economy because as people had more social time than working time in the past, they would tend to spend their time watching shows or performances. The increase of globalisation has made the film industry an international commodity. The success of the film industry in Hollywood has always been an objective for most of the countries. However, Rod (1998) argued that there is evidence that the US is losing the comparative advantage in the international media market. This is because of the rise in competition; nowadays most countries have their own productions in the film industry. But most of the film industries in the world were impacted by American filmmaking because it used the highest technology in this field during the films Golden Age . 5.1 Implications of the Study: The purpose of this study was to find out whether the film industry could affect a local economy. If it is a successful pathway, this sector could alert LDC governments to pay more attention to this. 5.2 Limitations of the Research: Not many scholars are focusing on the development of the film industry in a country. There is little data on this, therefore, which will impact the accuracy of this project. Moreover, problems relating to the primary research survey might affect the final result. 5.3 Recommendations for Further Research: The film industry might be one of the sectors that the government should try to pay attention to. While it may not result in large increases to an economy, there are still benefits to be gained. Because of the word limit that applies to this project, it is not possible to cover in detail every question relating to this topic. Further research should firstly focus on whether the film could impact the income in developed countries, if yes, it may be a useful resource for LDCs. Secondly, is the level of development is important in determining, if film is going to affect the national consciousness. In addition, investigation should be made into the measures that could be uses to answer the questions of impact.

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay: Pauls Facade -- All Quiet on th

Paul's Facade in All Quiet on the Western Front In Erich Maria Remarque's novel All Quiet on the Western Front, Paul Baumer paints a vivid picture of the horrors of war. Many of these horrors are purely physical, such as the constant bombardments and gunshots whizzing overhead. But along with these physical horrors come mental and emotional ones. Chief among these is the "war mindset" that the soldier must acquire in order to survive war. The essence of this mindset is the total disregard for human life, and with it, human beliefs and customs. War requires a suspension of these standard human beliefs and customs. Paul outwardly appears to have acquired this "war mindset," but he does not internalize it and thus eventually dies. For the most part, Paul at least outwardly appears to have adopted the war mindset. His actions are very much those of the typical soldier. For example, Paul, like all the other soldiers, will do anything he can for food. He is well accustomed to relieving himself out of doors: "Here in the open air though, the business is entirely a pleasure. I no longer understand why we should always have shied at these things before. They are, in fact, just as natural as eating and drinking" (8). Most of all, he values his survival above social customs: "We have lost all sense of other considerations, because they are artificial. Only the facts are real and important for us. And good boots are scarce" (21). For Paul, as for most soldiers, the rules of normal, polite society simply do not apply at the front. In the time between Paul's volunteering for the war and the beginning of the book, he has changed. For all the physical evidence, he is a common foot soldier. But Paul's transformatio... ... Paul wanted to get out of the war. Maybe Paul died on the right day; he loves quiet, and he dies on possibly the quietest day of the whole war. Maybe he just wanted to end his misery. In any case, Paul cannot accept the philosophy of war and thus gives himself up for death. Society wants soldiers to believe that war is glorious. But it is not. Society wants soldiers to believe war is an adventure. But it is not. Society wants soldiers to believe that our enemy is the only enemy, that our cause is the only cause, that our people are the only people. But there are many enemies, many causes and many peoples. According to Paul, all these causes are equally ignoble, and none of these enemies are worthy of being slaughtered en masse. For Paul, as for many people, past, present, and future, war is simply unacceptable, and nothing can repair the damage it does.